Wang Yong, Sun Yang, Han LiRong, Zhang Xing, Feng Juntao
Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Microb Pathog. 2017 May;106:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Jan 3.
Valsa canker caused by Valsa mali is commonly present in eastern Asia and cause large economic losses. Because of limited agricultural measures and chemical residues of commonly used fungicides there is an urgent need of alternative plant protecting agents. On this background the activity of cuminic acid, a plant extract from the seed of Cuminum cyminum L, was assessed. The median effective concentration (EC) values for inhibition of mycelial growth of seven V. mali strains ranged from 3.046 to 8.342 μg/mL, with an average EC value of 4.956 ± 0.281 μg/mL. The antifungal activity was the direct activity of cuminic acid instead of the influence on the pH of media by cuminic acid. After treated with cuminic acid, mycelia dissolved with decreased branches and swelling; cell membrane permeability increased while pectinases activity decreased significantly. Moreover, peroxidase (POD) activity of the apple leaves increased after treated with cuminic acid. Importantly, on detached branches of apple tree, cuminic acid exhibited both protective and curative activity. These results indicated that cuminic acid not only showed the antifungal activity, but also could improve the defense capacity of the plants. Taken together, cuminic acid showed the potential as a natural alternative to commercial fungicides or a lead compound to develop new fungicides for the control of Valsa canker.
由苹果黑腐皮壳菌引起的苹果腐烂病在东亚地区普遍存在，会造成巨大的经济损失。由于农业措施有限以及常用杀菌剂存在化学残留问题，迫切需要替代的植物保护剂。在此背景下，对来自孜然种子的植物提取物枯茗酸的活性进行了评估。抑制七种苹果黑腐皮壳菌菌株菌丝生长的半数有效浓度（EC）值在3.046至8.342μg/mL之间，平均EC值为4.956±0.281μg/mL。抗真菌活性是枯茗酸的直接活性，而非枯茗酸对培养基pH值的影响。用枯茗酸处理后，菌丝溶解，分支减少且肿胀；细胞膜通透性增加，而果胶酶活性显著降低。此外，用枯茗酸处理后苹果叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）活性增加。重要的是，在苹果树离体枝条上，枯茗酸表现出保护和治疗活性。这些结果表明，枯茗酸不仅具有抗真菌活性，还能提高植物的防御能力。综上所述，枯茗酸显示出作为商业杀菌剂的天然替代品或开发用于防治苹果腐烂病新杀菌剂的先导化合物的潜力。
