Webb Hooper Monica, Kolar Stephanie K
University of Miami, Department of Psychology, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, United States; University of Miami, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, United States.
University of Miami, Department of Psychology, PO Box 248185, Coral Gables, FL, United States.
Addict Behav. 2017 Apr;67:86-91. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.12.013. Epub 2016 Dec 26.
Psychosocial factors that may affect electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) initiation or maintenance among racial/ethnic minorities are not well-understood. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in e-cigarette knowledge, risk perceptions, and social norms among current and former smokers. Individuals with a tobacco smoking history and an awareness of e-cigarettes (N=285) were recruited from the community from June to August 2014. Telephone-administered surveys assessed demographics, smoking status, and e-cigarette knowledge, risk perceptions, and normative beliefs. Analyses of covariance and multinomial logistic regression tested associations by race/ethnicity. Controlling for sociodemographics and smoking status, White participants scored significantly higher on e-cigarette knowledge, compared to both Hispanics and African Americans/Blacks. Knowledge was lower among African Americans/Blacks compared to Hispanics. Compared to both Whites and Hispanics, African American/Black participants held lower perceptions regarding e-cigarette health risks and were less likely to view e-cigarettes as addictive. Normative beliefs did not differ by race/ethnicity. In conclusion, e-cigarette knowledge, health risk perceptions, and perceived addictiveness differed by race/ethnicity. The variation in e-cigarette knowledge and beliefs among smokers and former smokers has implications for use, and potentially, dual use. Understanding these relationships in unrepresented populations can inform future research and practice.
种族/族裔少数群体中可能影响电子烟使用起始或持续的社会心理因素尚未得到充分了解。本研究调查了当前吸烟者和既往吸烟者在电子烟知识、风险认知和社会规范方面的种族/族裔差异。2014年6月至8月，从社区招募了有吸烟史且知晓电子烟的个体（N = 285）。通过电话进行的调查评估了人口统计学特征、吸烟状况以及电子烟知识、风险认知和规范信念。协方差分析和多项逻辑回归按种族/族裔检验了相关性。在控制社会人口统计学特征和吸烟状况后，白人参与者在电子烟知识方面的得分显著高于西班牙裔和非裔美国人/黑人。非裔美国人/黑人的知识得分低于西班牙裔。与白人和西班牙裔相比，非裔美国人/黑人参与者对电子烟健康风险的认知较低，且不太可能认为电子烟会上瘾。规范信念在种族/族裔之间没有差异。总之，电子烟知识、健康风险认知和感知成瘾性因种族/族裔而异。吸烟者和既往吸烟者在电子烟知识和信念方面的差异对使用以及潜在的双重使用有影响。了解未被纳入研究人群中的这些关系可为未来的研究和实践提供参考。
