Terepocki Alicia K, Brush Alex T, Kleine Lydia U, Shugart Gary W, Hodum Peter
Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States; Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States.
Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2017 Mar 15;116(1-2):143-150. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.064. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
We found microplastic in 89.5% of 143 Northern Fulmars from 2008 to 2013 and 64% of 25 Sooty Shearwaters in 2011-2012 that were found dead or stranded on Oregon and Washington beaches. Average plastic loads were 19.5 pieces and 0.461g for fulmars and 13.3 pieces and 0.335g for shearwaters. Pre-manufactured plastic pellets accounted for 8.5% of fulmar and 33% of shearwater plastic pieces. In both species, plastic in proventriculi averaged 2-3mm larger in greatest dimension than in ventriculi. Intestinal plastic in fulmars averaged 1mm less in greatest dimension than ventricular plastic. There was no significant reduction in pieces or mass of plastic in 33 fulmars held for a median of seven days in a plastic-free environment. Three fulmars that survived to be released from rehabilitation regurgitated plastic, which provided an alternative outlet for elimination of plastic and requires reassessment of the dynamics of plastic in seabird gastrointestinal tracts.
在2008年至2013年采集的143只北暴雪鹱中，我们发现89.5%的个体体内含有微塑料；在2011年至2012年发现死亡或搁浅在俄勒冈州和华盛顿州海滩上的25只乌黑鹱中，64%的个体体内含有微塑料。暴雪鹱的平均塑料负载量为19.5片，重0.461克；乌黑鹱的平均塑料负载量为13.3片，重0.335克。预制塑料颗粒在暴雪鹱摄入的塑料碎片中占8.5%，在乌黑鹱摄入的塑料碎片中占33%。在这两个物种中，前胃中的塑料最大尺寸平均比心室中的大2 - 3毫米。暴雪鹱肠道中的塑料最大尺寸平均比心室中的塑料小1毫米。在无塑料环境中饲养了中位数为7天的33只暴雪鹱，其体内塑料碎片数量或质量没有显著减少。三只从康复中心放归后存活下来的暴雪鹱吐出了塑料，这为塑料的排出提供了另一种途径，也需要重新评估海鸟胃肠道中塑料的动态变化。
