Flandreau Elizabeth I, Toth Mate
Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401, USA.
Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 43 Szigony Street, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2018;38:47-68. doi: 10.1007/7854_2016_65.
The goals of animal research in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include better understanding the neurophysiological etiology of PTSD, identifying potential targets for novel pharmacotherapies, and screening drugs for their potential use as PTSD treatment in humans. Diagnosis of PTSD relies on a patient interview and, as evidenced by changes to the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5, an adequate description of this disorder in humans is a moving target. Therefore, it may seem insurmountable to model the construct of PTSD in animals such as rodents. Fortunately, the neural circuitry involved in fear and anxiety, thought to be essential to the etiology of PTSD in humans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. Furthermore, many symptoms can be modeled using behavioral tests that have face, construct, and predictive validity. Because PTSD is precipitated by a definite traumatic experience, animal models can simulate the induction of PTSD, and test causal factors with longitudinal designs. Accordingly, several animal models of physical and psychological trauma have been established. This review discusses the widely used animal models of PTSD in rodents, and overviews their strengths and weaknesses in terms of face, construct, and predictive validity.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）动物研究的目标包括更好地理解PTSD的神经生理病因，确定新型药物疗法的潜在靶点，以及筛选可能用于人类PTSD治疗的药物。PTSD的诊断依赖于患者访谈，并且正如《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM-5）中诊断标准的变化所证明的那样，对人类这种疾病的充分描述是一个不断变化的目标。因此，在啮齿动物等动物中模拟PTSD的结构似乎是无法实现的。幸运的是，参与恐惧和焦虑的神经回路，被认为是人类PTSD病因的关键，在整个进化过程中高度保守。此外，许多症状可以通过具有表面效度、结构效度和预测效度的行为测试来模拟。由于PTSD是由明确的创伤经历引发的，动物模型可以模拟PTSD的诱发过程，并通过纵向设计测试因果因素。因此，已经建立了几种身体和心理创伤的动物模型。本综述讨论了啮齿动物中广泛使用的PTSD动物模型，并从表面效度、结构效度和预测效度方面概述了它们的优缺点。
