Caruso Giovanni, Gucci Riccardo, Sifola Maria Isabella, Selvaggini Roberto, Urbani Stefania, Esposto Sonia, Taticchi Agnese, Servili Maurizio
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy.
Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood - Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, Pisa, Italy.
J Sci Food Agric. 2017 Aug;97(11):3530-3539. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8207. Epub 2017 Feb 15.
Fruit development and oil quality in Olea europaea L. are strongly influenced by both light and water availability. In the present study, the simultaneous effects of light environment and irrigation on fruit characteristics and oil quality were studied in a high-density orchard over two consecutive years. Olive fruits were harvested from three canopy positions (intercepting approximately 64%, 42% and 30% of above canopy radiation) of fully-productive trees subjected to full, deficit or complementary irrigation.
Fruits receiving 61-67% of above canopy radiation showed the highest fruit weight, mesocarp oil content and maturation index, whereas those intercepting only 27-33% showed the lowest values. Palmitoleic and linoleic acids increased in oils obtained from fruits exposed to high light levels, whereas oleic acid and the oleic-linoleic acid ratio decreased. Neither canopy position, nor irrigation affected K , K , ΔK and the concentration of lignan in virgin olive oils (VOOs). Total phenols, 3,4-DHPEA-EDA [2-(3,4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl (3S,4E)-4-formyl-3-(2-oxoethyl)hex-4-enoate] and p-HPEA-EDA (decarboxymethyl ligstroside-aglycone) increased in VOOs produced from fruits harvested from the top of the canopy, whereas full irrigation decreased total phenols and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA concentrations with respect to the complementary irrigation treatment.
Light and water availability are crucial not only for tree productivity, but also they clearly affect olive oil quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
油橄榄（Olea europaea L.）的果实发育和油脂品质受光照和水分供应的强烈影响。在本研究中，连续两年在高密度果园中研究了光照环境和灌溉对果实特性和油脂品质的协同影响。从完全结果的树上的三个树冠位置（分别截留约64%、42%和30%的树冠上方辐射）收获橄榄果实，这些树分别接受充分灌溉、亏缺灌溉或补充灌溉。
截留61 - 67%树冠上方辐射的果实表现出最高的果实重量、中果皮油含量和成熟指数，而仅截留27 - 33%辐射的果实这些指标最低。从接受高光强照射的果实中提取的油脂中，棕榈油酸和亚油酸含量增加，而油酸含量和油酸 - 亚油酸比值降低。树冠位置和灌溉均未影响初榨橄榄油（VOO）中的钾、钾、Δ钾和木脂素浓度。树冠顶部收获的果实所生产的VOO中，总酚、3,4 - DHPEA - EDA [2 - (3,4 - 羟基苯基)乙基(3S,4E) - 4 - 甲酰基 - 3 - (2 - 氧代乙基)己 - 4 - 烯酸酯]和对 - HPEA - EDA（脱羧甲基橄榄苦苷苷元）含量增加，而与补充灌溉处理相比，充分灌溉降低了总酚和3,4 - DHPEA - EDA浓度。
光照和水分供应不仅对树木生产力至关重要，而且对橄榄油品质也有显著影响。© 2017化学工业协会。
