División Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n (B1900FWA), La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
División Ficología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n (B1900FWA), La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1033 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Harmful Algae. 2016 Nov;59:31-41. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Dinophysis is a cosmopolitan genus of marine dinoflagellates, considered as the major proximal source of diarrheic shellfish toxins and the only producer of pectenotoxins (PTX). From three oceanographic expeditions carried out during autumn, spring and late summer along the Argentine Sea (∼38-56°S), lipophilic phycotoxins were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in size-fractionated plankton samples. Lipophilic toxin profiles were associated with species composition by microscopic analyses of toxigenic phytoplankton. Pectenotoxin-2 and PTX-11 were frequently found together with the presence of Dinophysis acuminata and Dinophysis tripos. By contrast, okadaic acid was rarely detected and only in trace concentrations, and dinophysistoxins were not found. The clear predominance of PTX over other lipophilic toxins in Dinophysis species from the Argentine Sea is in accordance with previous results obtained from north Patagonian Gulfs of the Argentine Sea, and from coastal waters of New Zealand, Chile, Denmark and United States. Dinophysis caudata was rarely found and it was confined to the north of the sampling area. Because of low cell densities, neither D. caudata nor Dinophysis norvegica could be biogeographically related to lipophilic toxins in this study. Nevertheless, the current identification of D. norvegica in the southern Argentine Sea is the first record for the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Given the typical toxigenicity of this species on a global scale, this represents an important finding for future surveillance of plankton-toxin associations.
海洋甲藻属的种类广泛分布于世界各地，被认为是腹泻性贝类毒素的主要近源，也是唯一的短裸甲藻毒素（PTX）的生产者。在秋季、春季和夏末沿阿根廷海（∼38-56°S）进行的三次海洋学考察中，通过液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）对大小分级的浮游生物样本中的脂溶性藻毒素进行了测定。脂溶性毒素特征与产毒浮游植物的显微镜分析物种组成相关联。PTX-2 和 PTX-11 经常与具尾鳍甲藻和三刺鳍甲藻的存在一起被发现。相比之下，很少检测到并仅以痕量浓度存在的冈田酸，且未发现鳍甲藻毒素。阿根廷海的具尾鳍甲藻属物种中 PTX 明显占优势，这与从前在阿根廷海北巴塔哥尼亚湾和新西兰、智利、丹麦和美国的沿海海域获得的结果一致。很少发现尾鳍甲藻，其局限于采样区的北部。由于细胞密度低，本研究中，尾鳍甲藻和挪威鳍甲藻与脂溶性毒素在生物地理学上没有关系。尽管如此，目前在南阿根廷海识别出的挪威鳍甲藻是西南大西洋的首次记录。鉴于该物种在全球范围内的典型产毒特性，这对未来浮游生物-毒素关联的监测具有重要意义。
