Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
Alfred Wegener Institut-Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Chemische Ökologie, Bremerhaven, Germany.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Oct;38(10):2209-2223. doi: 10.1002/etc.4538. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
In the Northern Patagonian gulfs of Argentina (Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José), blooms of toxigenic microalgae and the detection of their associated phycotoxins are recurrent phenomena. The present study evaluated the transfer of phycotoxins from toxigenic microalgae to mesozooplankton in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José throughout an annual cycle (December 2014-2015 and January 2015-2016, respectively). In addition, solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers were deployed for the first time in these gulfs, to estimate the occurrence of phycotoxins in the seawater between the phytoplankton samplings. Domoic acid was present throughout the annual cycle in SPATT samplers, whereas no paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins were detected. Ten toxigenic species were identified: Alexandrium catenella, Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, Dinophysis tripos, Dinophysis caudata, Prorocentrum lima, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha, Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta, and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens. Lipophilic and hydrophilic toxins were detected in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton from both gulfs. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were the toxigenic species most frequent in these gulfs. Consequently, domoic acid was the phycotoxin most abundantly detected and transferred to upper trophic levels. Spirolides were detected in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton for the first time in the study area. Likewise, dinophysistoxins were found in mesozooplankton from both gulfs, and this is the first report of the presence of these phycotoxins in zooplankton from the Argentine Sea. The dominance of calanoid copepods indicates that they were the primary vector of phycotoxins in the pelagic trophic web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2209-2223. © 2019 SETAC.
在阿根廷北部巴塔哥尼亚海湾（新湾和圣何塞湾），产毒微藻大量繁殖及其相关藻毒素的检测是反复出现的现象。本研究评估了在新湾和圣何塞湾，产毒微藻到中型浮游动物的藻毒素传递在整个年度周期（分别为 2014 年 12 月至 2015 年和 2015 年 1 月至 2016 年）中的情况。此外，首次在这些海湾部署了固相吸附毒素追踪（SPATT）采样器，以估计在浮游植物采样之间海水中藻毒素的发生情况。在整个年度周期中，SPATT 采样器中都存在软骨藻酸，而未检测到麻痹性贝类毒素。鉴定出 10 种产毒物种：链状亚历山大藻、尖锐角藻、尖刺角藻、三刺角藻、短角角藻、利马原甲藻、南方拟菱形藻、卡兰塔拟菱形藻、欺诈拟菱形藻和刺棘拟菱形藻。从两个海湾的浮游植物和中型浮游动物中都检测到亲脂性和亲水性毒素。新菱形藻属是这些海湾中最常见的产毒物种。因此，软骨藻酸是最丰富和转移到上层营养级的藻毒素。在研究区域首次在浮游植物和中型浮游动物中检测到螺旋藻毒素。同样，在两个海湾的中型浮游动物中也发现了 dinophysistoxins，这是这些藻毒素首次在阿根廷海域浮游动物中被发现。哲水蚤的优势表明它们是浮游动物中藻毒素的主要载体。环境毒理化学 2019;38:2209-2223. © 2019 SETAC.
