North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, College of Natural Resources, Campus Box 8008, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
North Carolina State University, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences, Campus Box 7614, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Mar 1;581-582:705-714. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.185. Epub 2017 Jan 8.
Forest-water reuse systems infiltrate municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters through forest soils to shallow aquifers that ultimately discharge to surface waters. Their ability to mitigate regulated nutrients, metals, and organic chemicals is well known, but the fate of non-regulated chemicals in these systems is largely unstudied. This study quantified 33 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in soils, groundwaters, and surface waters in a 2000-hectare forest that receives 1200mm/year of secondary-treated, municipal wastewater in addition to natural rainfall (1300mm/year). This forest-water reuse system does contribute PPCPs to soils, groundwater, and surface waters. PPCPs were more abundant in soils versus underlying groundwater by an order of magnitude (5-10ng/g summed PPCPs in soil and 50-100ng/L in groundwater) and the more hydrophobic chemicals were predominant in soil over water. PPCP concentrations in surface waters were greater at the onset of significant storm events and during low-rainfall periods when total summed PPCPs were >80ng/L, higher than the annual average. With few exceptions, the margins of exposure for PPCPs in groundwater and surface waters were several orders of magnitude above values indicative of human health risk.
森林-水再利用系统通过森林土壤渗透城市、工业和农业废水进入浅层含水层，最终排放到地表水中。它们减轻受管制的营养物质、金属和有机化学品的能力是众所周知的，但这些系统中不受管制的化学物质的命运在很大程度上尚未得到研究。本研究量化了 2000 公顷森林中的土壤、地下水和地表水中的 33 种药物和个人护理产品 (PPCP)，这些森林除了自然降雨（每年约 1300 毫米）外，还接收约 1200 毫米/年的二级处理城市废水。这个森林-水再利用系统确实会将 PPCP 排放到土壤、地下水和地表水中。与地下水中的 PPCP 相比，土壤中的 PPCP 更为丰富，数量级相差 10 倍（土壤中总 PPCP 为 5-10ng/g，地下水中为 50-100ng/L），而且疏水性更强的化学物质在土壤中的含量高于水中。地表水中的 PPCP 浓度在重大暴雨事件开始时和降雨量较低时较高，总 PPCP 浓度>80ng/L，高于年平均水平。除了少数例外，地下水中和地表水中的 PPCP 暴露水平比指示人类健康风险的值高出几个数量级。
