Mboua C P, Touko A
Université de Dschang/Institut de psychotraumatologie et de médiation, Université de Dschang, 237 Yaoundé Cameroun.
Forum camerounais de psychologie (FOCAP), Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Med Sante Trop. 2016 Nov 1;26(4):391-395. doi: 10.1684/mst.2016.0633.
The scientific literature about disabled people has stressed their high exposure to social exclusion and marginalization, linked to ways of thinking and representations about them. In the area of HIV/AIDS, this marginalization, which results in higher levels of self-stigmatization and especially in inequalities in prevention, continues to put disabled people at high risk of HIV infection. The current study, conducted with a socioepidemiological and behavioral approach, included 317 people with hearing disabilities, recruited through purposive sampling combined with a snowball approach. Participants, after providing informed consent in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki, completed a questionnaire and underwent HIV screening. The results showed a high rate of early sexual intercourse and a high prevalence of HIV, associated with their many risk factors and vulnerability. The analysis also revealed that social marginalization, erroneous beliefs, lack of communication and more generally of appropriate prevention adapted to them, a high rate of multiple partners, a low rate of condom use, psychosexual violence, and difficulties in negotiating social relations, particularly those of sexual relations, are the principal factors of vulnerability and risk.
关于残疾人的科学文献强调了他们极易遭受社会排斥和边缘化，这与对他们的思维方式和认知有关。在艾滋病毒/艾滋病领域，这种边缘化导致了更高程度的自我污名化，尤其是在预防方面的不平等，继续使残疾人面临感染艾滋病毒的高风险。本研究采用社会流行病学和行为学方法，通过目的抽样与滚雪球抽样相结合的方式招募了317名听力障碍者。参与者在按照《赫尔辛基宣言》提供知情同意后，完成了一份问卷并接受了艾滋病毒筛查。结果显示，他们过早发生性行为的比例很高，艾滋病毒感染率也很高，这与他们众多的风险因素和易感性有关。分析还表明，社会边缘化、错误观念、缺乏沟通以及更普遍地缺乏适合他们的适当预防措施、多性伴比例高、避孕套使用率低、性心理暴力以及在协商社会关系，特别是性关系方面存在困难，是造成易感性和风险的主要因素。
