De Palma Anna, Cheleschi Sara, Pascarelli Nicola Antonio, Tenti Sara, Galeazzi Mauro, Fioravanti Antonella
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena; and Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy.
Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico "Le Scotte", University of Siena, Italy.
Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017 May-Jun;35(3):518-526. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease affecting joint tissues. The pathogenesis of OA is complex and poorly understood, as well as the multiple factors contributing to its development and progression. Accumulating evidence has suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role as regulators of cartilage biology and in the pathogenesis of OA. It has been demonstrated that mechanical loading, important for the regulation of cartilage metabolism, affects miRNAs expression. Furthermore, miRNAs present in human plasma and in synovial fluid could represent promising biological markers for OA. Herein, we have reviewed the current state of research on miRNAs in cartilage homeostasis and OA pathogenesis and their potential clinical applications.
骨关节炎（OA）是影响关节组织的最常见退行性疾病。OA的发病机制复杂且了解甚少，导致其发展和进展的多种因素也是如此。越来越多的证据表明，微小RNA（miRNA）作为软骨生物学的调节因子以及在OA的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。已经证明，对软骨代谢调节很重要的机械负荷会影响miRNA的表达。此外，存在于人体血浆和滑液中的miRNA可能是OA有前景的生物标志物。在此，我们综述了关于miRNA在软骨稳态和OA发病机制中的研究现状及其潜在的临床应用。
