Strauss Steven H, Jones Kristin N, Lu Haiwei, Petit Joshua D, Klocko Amy L, Betts Matthew G, Brosi Berry J, Fletcher Robert J, Needham Mark D
Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
Forest Biodiversity Research Network, Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
New Phytol. 2017 Feb;213(3):1000-1021. doi: 10.1111/nph.14374.
1000 I. 1000 II. 1001 III. 1014 IV. 1015 V. 1016 1016 References 1016 SUMMARY: Genetic engineering (GE) can be used to improve forest plantation productivity and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, gene flow from GE forest plantations is a large source of ecological, social and legal controversy. The use of genetic technologies to mitigate or prevent gene flow has been discussed widely and should be technically feasible in a variety of plantation taxa. However, potential ecological effects of such modifications, and their social acceptability, are not well understood. Focusing on Eucalyptus, Pinus, Populus and Pseudotsuga - genera that represent diverse modes of pollination and seed dispersal - we conducted in-depth reviews of ecological processes associated with reproductive tissues. We also explored potential impacts of various forms of reproductive modification at stand and landscape levels, and means for mitigating impacts. We found little research on potential reactions by the public and other stakeholders to reproductive modification in forest plantations. However, there is considerable research on related areas that suggest key dimensions of concern and support. We provide detailed suggestions for research to understand the biological and social dimensions of containment technologies, and consider the role of regulatory and market restrictions that obstruct necessary ecological and genetic research.
1000 一、1000 二、1001 三、1014 四、1015 五、1016 1016 参考文献 1016 摘要：基因工程可用于提高人工林生产力以及增强其对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。然而，基因工程人工林中的基因流动是引发生态、社会和法律争议的一个重要源头。利用基因技术减轻或防止基因流动已得到广泛讨论，并且在多种人工林分类群中在技术上应该是可行的。然而，此类改良的潜在生态影响及其社会可接受性尚未得到充分理解。我们聚焦于代表不同授粉和种子传播方式的桉属、松属、杨属和黄杉属，对与生殖组织相关的生态过程进行了深入综述。我们还探讨了林分和景观层面各种形式的生殖改良的潜在影响以及减轻影响的方法。我们发现关于公众和其他利益相关者对人工林生殖改良的潜在反应的研究很少。然而，在相关领域有大量研究表明了关注和支持的关键方面。我们为开展研究提供了详细建议，以了解遏制技术的生物学和社会层面，并考虑阻碍必要的生态和基因研究的监管及市场限制的作用。
