Roehl Katherine, Jankowski Mark, Hofmeister Erik
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016 Dec;47(4):970-976. doi: 10.1638/2015-0179.1.
Serological tests play an important role in the detection of wildlife diseases. However, while there are many commercial assays and reagents available for domestic species, there is a need to develop efficient serological assays for wildlife. In recent years, marine mammals have represented a wildlife group with emerging infectious diseases, such as influenza, brucellosis, and leptospirosis. However, with the exception of disease-agent-specific assays or functional assays, few reports describe the use of antibody detection assays in marine mammals. In an indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) or an immunofluorescence assay, antibody is detected using an antitarget species secondary conjugated antibody. The sensitivity of the assay depends on the avidity of the binding reaction between the bound antibody and the detection antibody. A commercial polyclonal antidog IgG conjugated antibody was tested in an EIA for its ability to sensitively detect the IgG of seven marine mammals including sea otter ( Enhydra lutris ), polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ), grey seal ( Halichoerus grypus ), harbor seal ( Phoca vitulina ), northern elephant seal ( Mirounga angustirostris ), California sea lion ( Zalophus californianus ), Pacific walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus ) and one freshwater mammal: Asian small-clawed otter ( Aonyx cinerea ). With the exception of Asian small-clawed sea otters, the detection of IgG in these marine mammals either exceeded or was nearly equal to detection of dog IgG. The use of the tested commercial antidog IgG antibody may be a valid approach to the detection of antibody response to disease in sea mammals.
血清学检测在野生动物疾病的检测中发挥着重要作用。然而，虽然有许多适用于家养动物的商业检测方法和试剂，但仍需要开发针对野生动物的高效血清学检测方法。近年来，海洋哺乳动物已成为出现新兴传染病（如流感、布鲁氏菌病和钩端螺旋体病）的野生动物群体。然而，除了针对特定病原体的检测或功能检测外，很少有报告描述在海洋哺乳动物中使用抗体检测方法。在间接酶联免疫吸附测定（EIA）或免疫荧光测定中，使用抗靶物种二抗来检测抗体。该检测方法的灵敏度取决于结合抗体与检测抗体之间结合反应的亲和力。在EIA中测试了一种商业多克隆抗犬IgG二抗，以检测其灵敏检测包括海獭（Enhydra lutris）、北极熊（Ursus maritimus）、灰海豹（Halichoerus grypus）、港海豹（Phoca vitulina）、北象海豹（Mirounga angustirostris）、加利福尼亚海狮（Zalophus californianus）、太平洋海象（Odobenus rosmarus）在内的七种海洋哺乳动物以及一种淡水哺乳动物：亚洲小爪水獭（Aonyx cinerea）的IgG的能力。除亚洲小爪水獭外，这些海洋哺乳动物中IgG的检测结果要么超过要么几乎等于犬IgG的检测结果。使用经测试的商业抗犬IgG抗体可能是检测海洋哺乳动物疾病抗体反应的有效方法。
