Turissini David A, Comeault Aaron A, Liu Geoffrey, Lee Yuh Chwen G, Matute Daniel R
Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Department of Genome Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
Evolution. 2017 Apr;71(4):960-973. doi: 10.1111/evo.13180. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
Hybrids are generally less fit than their parental species, and the mechanisms underlying their fitness reductions can manifest through different traits. For example, hybrids can have physiological, behavioral, or ecological defects, and these defects can generate reproductive isolation between their parental species. However, the rate that mechanisms of postzygotic isolation other than hybrid sterility and inviability evolve has remained largely uninvestigated, despite isolated studies showing that behavioral defects in hybrids are not only possible but might be widespread. Here, we study a fundamental animal behavior-the ability of individuals to find food-and test the rate at which it breaks down in hybrids. We measured the ability of hybrids from 94 pairs of Drosophila species to find food and show that this ability decreases with increasing genetic divergence between the parental species and that male hybrids are more strongly (and negatively) affected than females. Our findings quantify the rate that hybrid dysfunction evolves across the diverse radiation of Drosophila and highlights the need for future investigations of the genetic and neurological mechanisms that affect a hybrid's ability to find a suitable substrate on which to feed and breed.
杂种通常比其亲本物种的适应性差，其适应性降低背后的机制可以通过不同的性状表现出来。例如，杂种可能有生理、行为或生态缺陷，这些缺陷会导致其亲本物种之间产生生殖隔离。然而，除了杂种不育和 inviability 之外的合子后隔离机制的进化速度在很大程度上仍未得到研究，尽管有个别研究表明杂种的行为缺陷不仅是可能的，而且可能很普遍。在这里，我们研究一种基本的动物行为——个体寻找食物的能力，并测试其在杂种中退化的速度。我们测量了来自94对果蝇物种的杂种寻找食物的能力，结果表明这种能力随着亲本物种之间遗传差异的增加而降低，并且雄性杂种比雌性受到的影响更强烈（且为负面）。我们的研究结果量化了果蝇多样化辐射中杂种功能障碍的进化速度，并强调了未来需要对影响杂种寻找合适的觅食和繁殖底物能力的遗传和神经机制进行研究。
