Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Chemosphere. 2017 Apr;172:316-324. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.147. Epub 2016 Dec 30.
Chinese greenhouse vegetable production can cause eutrophication of fresh waters due to heavy use of fertilizers. To address this, phosphorus (P) leaching was compared between two major greenhouse vegetable soils from Jiangsu Province, Southeast China: clayey and acid-neutral Guli Orthic Anthrosols and sandy and alkaline Tongshan Ustic Cambosols. A total of 20 intact soil columns were collected based on differences in total P content varying between 1360 and 11,220 mg kg. Overall, six leaching experiments were carried out with collection of leachates over 24 h. Very high P concentrations, with a mean of 3.43 mg L, were found in the leachates from P rich Tongshan soils. In contrast, P leaching from fine-textured but less P rich Guli soils rarely exceeded the suggested environmental P threshold of 0.1 mg L. Strong linear correlations were found between different soil test P measures (STPs) or degree of P saturations (DPSs) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) for Tongshan soil columns. The correlations with Olsen P (r = 0.91) and DPS based on MehlichIII extractable calcium (DPS) (r = 0.87) were the most promising. An Olsen P value above 41 mg kg or a DPS above 3.44% led to DRP leaching exceeding 0.1 mg L. Accordingly, more than 80% of Tongshan soils resulted in DRP leaching exceeding the environmental P threshold. In conclusion P rich alkaline sandy soils used for greenhouse vegetable production are at high risk of P mobilization across China.
中国温室蔬菜生产因大量使用化肥而导致淡水富营养化。为了解决这个问题，比较了中国东南部江苏省两种主要温室蔬菜土壤的磷（P）淋失情况：粘壤土和中性 Guli Orthic Anthrosols 以及沙质和碱性 Tongshan Ustic Cambosols。总共收集了 20 个完整的土壤柱，其总磷含量差异在 1360 至 11220mg/kg 之间。总的来说，进行了六次淋溶实验，在 24 小时内收集淋出液。从富含磷的汤山土壤中淋出的淋出液中发现了非常高的 P 浓度，平均值为 3.43mg/L。相比之下，从质地较细但磷含量较低的 Guli 土壤中淋出的 P 很少超过建议的 0.1mg/L 的环境 P 阈值。在汤山土壤柱中，不同的土壤测试 P 措施（STPs）或 P 饱和度（DPSs）与溶解反应性 P（DRP）之间发现了很强的线性相关性。与奥尔森磷（r=0.91）和基于 MehlichIII 可提取钙的 DPS（r=0.87）的相关性最有希望。奥尔森磷值高于 41mg/kg 或 DPS 高于 3.44%，则会导致 DRP 淋失超过 0.1mg/L。因此，超过 80%的汤山土壤导致 DRP 淋失超过环境 P 阈值。总之，用于温室蔬菜生产的富含磷的碱性沙质土壤在中国具有很高的 P 迁移风险。
