Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health, Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556.
Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
Microbiol Spectr. 2016 Dec;4(6). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0010-2016.
Tuberculosis remains one of the greatest threats to human health. The causative bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is acquired by the respiratory route. It is exquisitely adapted to humans and is a prototypic intracellular pathogen of macrophages, with alveolar macrophages being the primary conduit of infection and disease. However, M. tuberculosis bacilli interact with and are affected by several soluble and cellular components of the innate immune system which dictate the outcome of primary infection, most commonly a latently infected healthy human host, in whom the bacteria are held in check by the host immune response within the confines of tissue granuloma, the host histopathologic hallmark. Such individuals can develop active TB later in life with impairment in the immune system. In contrast, in a minority of infected individuals, the early host immune response fails to control bacterial growth, and progressive granulomatous disease develops, facilitating spread of the bacilli via infectious aerosols. The molecular details of the M. tuberculosis-host innate immune system interaction continue to be elucidated, particularly those occurring within the lung. However, it is clear that a number of complex processes are involved at the different stages of infection that may benefit either the bacterium or the host. In this article, we describe a contemporary view of the molecular events underlying the interaction between M. tuberculosis and a variety of cellular and soluble components and processes of the innate immune system.
结核病仍然是对人类健康的最大威胁之一。致病细菌结核分枝杆菌通过呼吸道获得。它非常适应人类，是巨噬细胞的典型细胞内病原体，肺泡巨噬细胞是感染和疾病的主要途径。然而，结核分枝杆菌与先天免疫系统的几种可溶性和细胞成分相互作用并受其影响，这决定了原发感染的结果，最常见的是潜伏感染的健康人类宿主，在宿主免疫反应的限制下，细菌被局限在组织肉芽肿内，这是宿主组织病理学的特征。这些个体在免疫系统受损时可能在以后的生活中发展为活动性结核病。相比之下，在少数感染个体中，早期宿主免疫反应未能控制细菌生长，逐渐发展为肉芽肿性疾病，从而通过传染性气溶胶促进细菌传播。结核分枝杆菌与宿主先天免疫系统相互作用的分子细节仍在不断阐明，特别是在肺部发生的那些。然而，很明显，在感染的不同阶段涉及到许多复杂的过程，这些过程可能有利于细菌或宿主。在本文中，我们描述了结核分枝杆菌与先天免疫系统的各种细胞和可溶性成分和过程相互作用的分子事件的现代观点。
