Held Benjamin W, Blanchette Robert A
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Fungal Biol. 2017 Feb;121(2):145-157. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.11.009. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
Very little is known about fungal diversity in Antarctica as compared to other biomes and how these important organisms function in this unusual ecosystem. Perhaps one of the most unusual ecosystems is that of Deception Island; an active volcanic island part of the South Shetland Islands of the Antarctic Peninsula. Here we describe the fungal diversity associated with historic wood from structures on the island, which reveals a diverse fungal assemblage of known wood decay fungi as well as the discovery of undescribed species. The major group of wood decay fungi identified were species of Cadophora and as shown in previous studies in other geographic regions of Antarctica, they caused a soft-rot type of decay in the introduced woods. Additionally, unlike other areas of Antarctica that have been studied, filamentous basidiomycetes (Hypochniciellum spp. and Pholiota spp.) were also identified that have different modes of degradation including brown and white rot. Matches of fungal sequences to known species in temperate regions likely introduced on building materials indicates human influences and volcanic activity have greatly impacted fungal diversity. Lahars (mudslides from volcanic activity) have partially buried many of the structures and the buried environment as well as the moist, warm soils provided conditions conducive for fungal growth that are not found in other regions of Antarctica. The diverse assemblage of decay fungi and different forms of wood decomposition add to the difficulty of conserving wooden structures at these important polar heritage sites.
与其他生物群落相比，人们对南极洲的真菌多样性知之甚少，也不清楚这些重要的生物体在这个独特的生态系统中是如何发挥作用的。也许最独特的生态系统之一是欺骗岛；它是南极半岛南设得兰群岛中的一个活火山岛。在这里，我们描述了与该岛上建筑结构中的历史木材相关的真菌多样性，这揭示了已知木材腐朽真菌的多样组合，同时还发现了未描述的物种。鉴定出的主要木材腐朽真菌类群是卡多弗拉属的物种，正如之前在南极洲其他地理区域的研究所示，它们在引入的木材中造成了软腐型腐朽。此外，与其他已研究的南极洲地区不同，还鉴定出了丝状担子菌（Hypochniciellum spp.和鳞伞属物种），它们具有不同的降解方式，包括褐腐和白腐。真菌序列与温带地区可能随建筑材料引入的已知物种的匹配表明，人类影响和火山活动对真菌多样性产生了重大影响。火山泥流（火山活动引发的泥石流）部分掩埋了许多建筑结构，被掩埋的环境以及潮湿温暖的土壤提供了有利于真菌生长的条件，而这些条件在南极洲其他地区并不存在。腐朽真菌的多样组合和木材分解的不同形式增加了在这些重要的极地遗产地保护木结构的难度。
