Gorbach Tetiana, Pudas Sara, Lundquist Anders, Orädd Greger, Josefsson Maria, Salami Alireza, de Luna Xavier, Nyberg Lars
Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business and Economics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Neurobiol Aging. 2017 Mar;51:167-176. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.12.002. Epub 2016 Dec 11.
There is marked variability in both onset and rate of episodic-memory decline in aging. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have revealed that the extent of age-related brain changes varies markedly across individuals. Past studies of whether regional atrophy accounts for episodic-memory decline in aging have yielded inconclusive findings. Here we related 15-year changes in episodic memory to 4-year changes in cortical and subcortical gray matter volume and in white-matter connectivity and lesions. In addition, changes in word fluency, fluid IQ (Block Design), and processing speed were estimated and related to structural brain changes. Significant negative change over time was observed for all cognitive and brain measures. A robust brain-cognition change-change association was observed for episodic-memory decline and atrophy in the hippocampus. This association was significant for older (65-80 years) but not middle-aged (55-60 years) participants and not sensitive to the assumption of ignorable attrition. Thus, these longitudinal findings highlight medial-temporal lobe system integrity as particularly crucial for maintaining episodic-memory functioning in older age.
衰老过程中，情景记忆衰退的起始和速度存在显著差异。结构磁共振成像研究表明，与年龄相关的大脑变化程度在个体间差异显著。过去关于区域萎缩是否导致衰老过程中情景记忆衰退的研究结果尚无定论。在此，我们将情景记忆15年的变化与皮质和皮质下灰质体积以及白质连通性和病变4年的变化联系起来。此外，还评估了词汇流畅性、流体智力（积木设计）和处理速度的变化，并将其与大脑结构变化相关联。所有认知和大脑指标均随时间出现显著的负向变化。情景记忆衰退与海马体萎缩之间存在着强大的大脑-认知变化-变化关联。这种关联在老年（65 - 80岁）参与者中显著，但在中年（55 - 60岁）参与者中不显著，且对可忽略损耗的假设不敏感。因此，这些纵向研究结果凸显了内侧颞叶系统完整性对于维持老年人情景记忆功能尤为关键。
