Finsinger Walter, Giesecke Thomas, Brewer Simon, Leydet Michelle
Palaeoecology, ISE-M (UMR 5554 CNRS/UM/EPHE), Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
Ecol Lett. 2017 Mar;20(3):336-346. doi: 10.1111/ele.12731. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
Plant communities are not stable over time and biological novelty is predicted to emerge due to climate change, the introduction of exotic species and land-use change. However, the rate at which this novelty may arise over longer time periods has so far received little attention. We reconstruct the emergence of novelty in Europe for a set of baseline conditions over the past 15 000 years to assess past rates of emergence and investigate underlying causes. The emergence of novelty is baseline specific and, during the early-Holocene, was mitigated by the rapid spread of plant taxa. Although novelty generally increases as a function of time, climate and human-induced landscape changes contributed to a non-linear post-glacial trajectory of novelty with jumps corresponding to periods of rapid changes. Emergence of novelty accelerated during the past 1000 years. Historical cultural landscapes experienced a faster novelty development due to the contribution from anthropogenic land-cover changes.
植物群落并非随时间推移而保持稳定，预计由于气候变化、外来物种引入和土地利用变化，将会出现生物新特性。然而，在较长时期内这种新特性出现的速率迄今很少受到关注。我们重构了过去15000年欧洲在一组基线条件下新特性的出现情况，以评估过去的出现速率并探究其潜在原因。新特性的出现是特定于基线的，并且在全新世早期，植物类群的快速扩散缓解了新特性的出现。尽管新特性通常随时间增加，但气候和人为引起的景观变化导致了新特性的非线性冰后期轨迹，其跳跃对应于快速变化时期。在过去1000年中，新特性的出现加速。由于人为土地覆盖变化的影响，历史文化景观经历了更快的新特性发展。
