Pomarino David, Ramírez Llamas Juliana, Martin Stephan, Pomarino Andrea
Praxis Pomarino, Hamburg, HH, Germany (DP, JRL, AP).
Diakiniekrankenhaus Annastift GmbH, Hannover, Germany (SM).
Foot Ankle Spec. 2017 Aug;10(4):337-342. doi: 10.1177/1938640016687370. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
The main objective of this review is to gather the information available about idiopathic toe walking (ITW), its prevalence and classification, and possible therapeutic approaches. In addition, this review aims to clarify the differences between idiopathic toe walkers and tiptoe walkers with underlying neurological or muscle deficiency as primary conditions. Understanding its causes and learning to make a differential diagnosis will help determine the adequate therapeutic approach.
This is a review of different articles and case studies from 1967 to 2016. The information was gathered to update and unify all the information about ITW that has been published.
The literature offers limited research regarding the possible etiology, prevalence, classification, and evaluation of ITW. This review puts together all the information regarding the etiology, prevalence, classifications, evaluation, and treatment of ITW.
Level IV.
本综述的主要目的是收集有关特发性踮足行走（ITW）的现有信息、其患病率和分类以及可能的治疗方法。此外，本综述旨在阐明特发性踮足行走者与以潜在神经或肌肉缺陷为主要病因的踮足行走者之间的差异。了解其病因并学会进行鉴别诊断将有助于确定适当的治疗方法。
这是一篇对1967年至2016年不同文章和病例研究的综述。收集这些信息以更新和统一已发表的关于ITW的所有信息。
关于ITW可能的病因、患病率、分类和评估，文献提供的研究有限。本综述汇总了有关ITW的病因、患病率、分类、评估和治疗的所有信息。
四级。
