Department of Crop Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), College of Agriculture, Botucatu/, SP, Brazil.
Pest Manag Sci. 2018 May;74(5):1064-1070. doi: 10.1002/ps.4523. Epub 2017 Mar 3.
As all herbicides act on pathways or processes crucial to plants, in an inhibitory or stimulatory way, low rates of any herbicide might be used to modulate plant growth, development, or plant composition. Glyphosate is the most used herbicide in the world, and very low rates of this herbicide can stimulate plant growth, an effect called hormesis. Several studies have shown that glyphosate applications at low rates can increase plant growth, induce shikimic acid accumulation, increase photosynthesis and stomatal opening, increase seed production, and shorten the plant life cycle. Low rates of glyphosate applied to leaves have been reported to cause one or more of these effects in an expanding group of species. Under field conditions, pesticide rates are not uniform, causing some target organisms to receive rates that are low enough to cause hormesis. Until the present, low rates of glyphosate have not been recommended as a growth stimulant for crops, because the hormetic dose can vary considerably, depending on many factors. The objective of the present review is to summarize and analyze existing information about the hormetic effects of glyphosate on plants, thus contributing to understanding how glyphosate hormesis takes place and evaluating the potential use of glyphosate to stimulate plant growth. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
由于所有除草剂都以抑制或刺激的方式作用于对植物至关重要的途径或过程，因此任何除草剂的低浓度都可能被用来调节植物的生长、发育或植物组成。草甘膦是世界上使用最广泛的除草剂，极低浓度的草甘膦可以刺激植物生长，这种效应被称为毒物兴奋效应。有几项研究表明，低浓度的草甘膦施用于叶片会导致越来越多的物种的植物生长、增加莽草酸积累、增加光合作用和气孔开放、增加种子产量和缩短植物生命周期。据报道，低浓度的草甘膦施用于叶片会导致一种或多种这些效应。在田间条件下，农药浓度不均匀，导致一些靶标生物接收到的浓度足以引起毒物兴奋效应。到目前为止，还没有推荐低浓度的草甘膦作为作物的生长刺激剂，因为毒物兴奋效应的剂量会因许多因素而有很大的差异。本综述的目的是总结和分析草甘膦对植物的毒物兴奋效应的现有信息，从而有助于理解草甘膦毒物兴奋效应是如何发生的，并评估草甘膦刺激植物生长的潜在用途。 © 2017 化学工业协会。
