Jones Rachel K, Jerman Jenna
Principal research scientist, Guttmacher Institute, New York.
Research associate, Guttmacher Institute, New York.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2017 Mar;49(1):17-27. doi: 10.1363/psrh.12015. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
National and state-level information about abortion incidence can help inform policies and programs intended to reduce levels of unintended pregnancy.
In 2015-2016, all U.S. facilities known or expected to have provided abortion services in 2013 or 2014 were surveyed. Data on the number of abortions were combined with population data to estimate national and state-level abortion rates. The number of abortion-providing facilities and changes since a similar 2011 survey were also assessed. The number and type of new abortion restrictions were examined in the states that had experienced the largest proportionate changes in clinics providing abortion services.
In 2014, an estimated 926,200 abortions were performed in the United States, 12% fewer than in 2011; the 2014 abortion rate was 14.6 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44, representing a 14% decline over this period. The number of clinics providing abortions declined 6% between 2011 and 2014, and declines were steepest in the Midwest (22%) and the South (13%). Early medication abortions accounted for 31% of nonhospital abortions, up from 24% in 2011. Most states that experienced the largest proportionate declines in the number of clinics providing abortions had enacted one or more new restrictions during the study period, but reductions were not always associated with declines in abortion incidence.
The relationship between abortion access, as measured by the number of clinics, and abortion rates is not straightforward. Further research is needed to understand the decline in abortion incidence.
国家和州一级有关堕胎发生率的信息有助于为旨在降低意外怀孕水平的政策和项目提供参考。
在2015 - 2016年，对2013年或2014年已知或预计提供堕胎服务的所有美国医疗机构进行了调查。将堕胎数量数据与人口数据相结合，以估算国家和州一级的堕胎率。还评估了提供堕胎服务的医疗机构数量以及自2011年类似调查以来的变化情况。在提供堕胎服务的诊所数量出现最大比例变化的州，对新堕胎限制措施的数量和类型进行了研究。
2014年，美国估计有926,200例堕胎，比2011年减少了12%；2014年的堕胎率为每1000名15 - 44岁女性中有14.6例堕胎，在此期间下降了14%。2011年至2014年期间，提供堕胎服务的诊所数量下降了6%，中西部地区（22%）和南部地区（13%）的降幅最大。早期药物流产占非医院堕胎的31%，高于2011年的24%。在提供堕胎服务的诊所数量下降比例最大的大多数州，在研究期间颁布了一项或多项新的限制措施，但堕胎率的下降并不总是与堕胎发生率的下降相关。
以诊所数量衡量的堕胎可及性与堕胎率之间的关系并不简单。需要进一步研究以了解堕胎发生率下降的情况。
