Georgieva Vesela, Dimitrova Yulia
National Centre of Public Health and Analyses, Microbiological Analysis Department, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Paediatrics, Microbiological laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2016 Dec;24(4):326-330. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a4219.
Due to the widespread use of bottled water, it is important from a hygienic point of view to ensure that these products have good quality and meet the requirements set out in regulations.
In the period 2000-2013, a large-scale study (2,500 samples) was carried out on the quality of Bulgarian bottled water as per the microbiological parameters laid down in the European and Bulgarian legislation. Standard microbiological methods were applied. There is strong evidence that the most frequently isolated contaminant in these products was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This agent was found in 274 samples out of a total of 2,500 analysed bottled waters. Because of the absolute prohibition of the presence of this microorganism in the finished product, the manufacturers should not allow their products with compromised quality to reach the market. They are obliged to check the quality of each batch by conducting an internal monitoring of production. When any inconsistencies are established in microbiological parameters, the producers must detect the critical point and apply more effective decontamination measures of the bottling lines. Given the importance of this fact for the health of consumers, the study also included determination of the antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from Bulgarian bottled water. Ten strains of P. aeruginosa, isolated from bottled water and other water habitats in the environment, were tested for the effect of 13 antimicrobial agents by applying the Kirby-Bauer's method.
The investigation found that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from bottled water are sensitive to Ceftazidime, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Cefepime and one of them is resistant to Meropenem and Piperacillin. Another important conclusion is that there is no specific behaviour of P. aeruginosa strains originating from different sources to the test antimicrobials. The authors consider that drinking tap water is perhaps a more appropriate way for newborns, infants, elderly, and people with compromised immunity to satisfy thirst than using bottled water.
由于瓶装水的广泛使用，从卫生角度确保这些产品质量良好并符合法规规定的要求非常重要。
在2000年至2013年期间，根据欧洲和保加利亚立法规定的微生物参数，对保加利亚瓶装水的质量进行了大规模研究（2500个样本）。采用了标准微生物学方法。有充分证据表明，这些产品中最常分离出的污染物是铜绿假单胞菌。在总共2500份分析的瓶装水中，有274份样本检测到了这种病原体。由于成品中绝对禁止存在这种微生物，制造商不应让质量有问题的产品进入市场。他们有义务通过对生产进行内部监测来检查每一批产品的质量。当在微生物参数中发现任何不一致时，生产商必须找出关键点并对装瓶生产线采取更有效的去污措施。鉴于这一事实对消费者健康的重要性，该研究还包括了对从保加利亚瓶装水中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌菌株的抗菌药物耐药性测定。通过应用 Kirby-Bauer 方法，对从瓶装水和环境中的其他水栖地分离出的10株铜绿假单胞菌菌株进行了13种抗菌药物的效果测试。
调查发现，从瓶装水中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌菌株对头孢他啶、阿米卡星、环丙沙星和头孢吡肟敏感，其中一株对美罗培南和哌拉西林耐药。另一个重要结论是，来自不同来源的铜绿假单胞菌菌株对测试抗菌药物没有特定的反应。作者认为，对于新生儿、婴儿、老年人和免疫力低下的人来说，饮用自来水可能比使用瓶装水更适合解渴。
