Pardo Campos María L, Musso Mariel, Keselman Ana, Gruñeiro Laura, Bergadá Ignacio, Chiesa Ana
Facultad de Psicología y Psicopedagogía, Universidad Católica Argentina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Fundación de Endocrinología Infantil, Argentina.
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2017 Feb 1;115(1):12-17. doi: 10.5546/aap.2017.eng.12.
Children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) detected by newborn screening and adequately treated may have mild cognitive deficits. OBJECTIVES">To assess the intelligence quotient of children with CH and identify the presence of specific cognitive deficits.
A group of 60 children with CH detected by newborn screening, who were aged 9-10 years old and received adequate treatment since their first month of life was selected and compared to a control group of 60 children without CH in the same age range. Inclusion criteria: children without concurrent diseases, who were attending school in a single shift, and whose parents had at least completed secondary education. The following tests were administered during individual interviews: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (third edition), the Rey complex figure test, the Woodcock-Muñoz revised test, the Conners Continuous Performance Test II, the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, the verbal fluency test, the Knox Cube Test, the Trail Making Test, the faces test, and the 5 digit test. The statistical analysis was done using Student's t tests (for independent samples) with Bonferroni's correction (p < 0.002).
Even within the normal average range, significant differences were observed between both groups in terms of total intelligence quotient and performance intelligence quotient (small and moderate effect sizes, respectively). In terms of performance, children with hypothyroidism had a significantly poorer performance in processing speed, reaction times, attention, cognitive flexibility, visuoconstruction, and long-term memory. No significant differences were found between both groups in the verbal area.
Children with congenital hypothyroidism and without mental disability had mild cognitive deficits, which should be taken into account for a comprehensive patient care.
通过新生儿筛查发现并得到充分治疗的先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）患儿可能存在轻度认知缺陷。目的：评估CH患儿的智商，并确定是否存在特定的认知缺陷。
选取一组通过新生儿筛查发现的60名CH患儿，年龄在9至10岁之间，自出生第一个月起就接受了充分治疗，并与年龄范围相同的60名无CH的对照组儿童进行比较。纳入标准：无并发疾病、单班上课且父母至少完成中等教育的儿童。在个体访谈期间进行了以下测试：韦氏儿童智力量表（第三版）、雷伊复杂图形测试、伍德库克 - 穆尼奥斯修订测试、康纳斯连续操作测试II、伊利诺伊心理语言能力测试、语言流畅性测试、诺克斯方块测试、连线测试、面孔测试和5位数测试。采用学生t检验（独立样本）并进行邦费罗尼校正（p < 0.002）进行统计分析。
即使在正常平均范围内，两组在总智商和操作智商方面仍存在显著差异（效应量分别为小和中等）。在表现方面，甲状腺功能减退症患儿在处理速度、反应时间、注意力、认知灵活性、视觉构建和长期记忆方面的表现明显较差。两组在语言领域未发现显著差异。
先天性甲状腺功能减退症且无智力残疾的患儿存在轻度认知缺陷，在全面的患者护理中应予以考虑。
