From the King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom (N.S., P.S., T.B., R.L., A.J., M.M.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (R.P.H., R.C.L.).
Circ Res. 2017 Jan 20;120(2):418-435. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.309303.
Over the last few years, several groups have evaluated the potential of microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease. In this review, we discuss the emerging literature on the role of miRNAs and other small noncoding RNAs in platelets and in the circulation, and the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers for platelet activation. Platelets are a major source of miRNAs, YRNAs, and circular RNAs. By harnessing multiomics approaches, we may gain valuable insights into their potential function. Because not all miRNAs are detectable in the circulation, we also created a gene ontology annotation for circulating miRNAs using the gene ontology term extracellular space as part of blood plasma. Finally, we share key insights for measuring circulating miRNAs. We propose ways to standardize miRNA measurements, in particular by using platelet-poor plasma to avoid confounding caused by residual platelets in plasma or by adding RNase inhibitors to serum to reduce degradation. This should enhance comparability of miRNA measurements across different cohorts. We provide recommendations for future miRNA biomarker studies, emphasizing the need for accurate interpretation within a biological and methodological context.
在过去的几年中，有几个研究小组评估了 microRNAs（miRNAs）作为心血管代谢疾病生物标志物的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 miRNA 及其他小非编码 RNA 在血小板和循环中的作用的新兴文献，以及 miRNA 作为血小板活化生物标志物的潜在用途。血小板是 miRNAs、YRNAs 和环状 RNA 的主要来源。通过利用多组学方法，我们可能会深入了解它们的潜在功能。由于并非所有 miRNA 都能在循环中检测到，因此我们还使用基因本体术语细胞外空间作为血浆的一部分，为循环 miRNA 创建了基因本体注释。最后，我们分享了测量循环 miRNA 的关键见解。我们提出了标准化 miRNA 测量的方法，特别是使用血小板贫乏的血浆来避免由血浆中残留的血小板引起的干扰，或者通过添加 RNA 酶抑制剂到血清中来减少降解。这应该会增强不同队列之间 miRNA 测量的可比性。我们为未来的 miRNA 生物标志物研究提供了建议，强调需要在生物学和方法学背景下准确解释。
