Geneva Platelet Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Thromb Haemost. 2021 Apr;121(4):409-421. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1718730. Epub 2020 Oct 29.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs modulating protein production. They are key players in regulation of cell function and are considered as biomarkers in several diseases. The identification of the proteins they regulate, and their impact on cell physiology, may delineate their role as diagnostic or prognostic markers and identify new therapeutic strategies. During the last 3 decades, development of a large panel of techniques has given rise to multiple models dedicated to the study of miRNAs. Since plasma samples are easily accessible, circulating miRNAs can be studied in clinical trials. To quantify miRNAs in numerous plasma samples, the choice of extraction and purification techniques, as well as normalization procedures, are important for comparisons of miRNA levels in populations and over time. Recent advances in bioinformatics provide tools to identify putative miRNAs targets that can then be validated with dedicated assays. In vitro and in vivo approaches aim to functionally validate candidate miRNAs from correlations and to understand their impact on cellular processes. This review describes the advantages and pitfalls of the available techniques for translational research to study miRNAs with a focus on their role in regulating platelet reactivity.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是调节蛋白生成的小型非编码 RNA。它们是细胞功能调节的关键因子，并被认为是几种疾病的生物标志物。鉴定它们调节的蛋白质及其对细胞生理学的影响，可能可以确定它们作为诊断或预后标志物的作用，并确定新的治疗策略。在过去的 30 年中，大量技术的发展催生了多种专门用于 miRNA 研究的模型。由于血浆样本易于获取，因此可以在临床试验中研究循环 miRNA。为了定量检测众多血浆样本中的 miRNA，选择提取和纯化技术以及标准化程序对于比较人群和随时间推移的 miRNA 水平非常重要。生物信息学的最新进展提供了识别潜在 miRNA 靶标的工具，然后可以使用专门的检测方法对其进行验证。体外和体内方法旨在从相关性中验证候选 miRNA，并了解它们对细胞过程的影响。这篇综述描述了用于 miRNA 研究的转化研究的现有技术的优缺点，重点是它们在调节血小板反应性中的作用。
