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Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Seattle University, 901 12th Ave., Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2017 Mar;65:37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
Experiencing traumatic events and abuse is unfortunately common in general, non-clinical samples. Recent research indicates that the ways in which individuals interpret traumatic experiences, as well as the ways that they manage challenging emotions in general, may statistically predict post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to a greater extent than does trauma itself. Negative trauma appraisals, generalized emotion regulation (ER) difficulties, and low levels of self-compassion have each been shown to influence the connection between trauma exposure and subsequent PTSD symptoms. However, little is known regarding how these processes interact, or their relative contributions to mental health after trauma. The current study analyzed data from 466 university students who completed self-report measures of childhood abuse, PTSD symptoms, trauma appraisals, ER difficulties, and self-compassion. Childhood abuse exposure and PTSD symptoms were positively associated with negative trauma appraisals and ER difficulties, and negatively associated with self-compassion. Self-compassion was inversely associated with negative trauma appraisals and ER difficulties. Multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that negative trauma appraisals, ER difficulties, and levels of self-compassion fully explained the link between abuse exposure and PTSD symptoms via several specific pathways. These findings suggest that researchers, clinicians, and abuse survivors can benefit from addressing these interconnected domains during treatment and recovery processes.
在一般非临床样本中，经历创伤事件和虐待是很常见的。最近的研究表明，个体对创伤经历的解释方式，以及他们管理挑战性情绪的一般方式，可能在统计上比创伤本身更能预测创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状。负面的创伤评估、普遍的情绪调节（ER）困难以及自我同情程度低，都被证明会影响创伤暴露与随后 PTSD 症状之间的联系。然而，关于这些过程如何相互作用，或者它们对创伤后心理健康的相对贡献，人们知之甚少。本研究分析了来自 466 名大学生的数据，他们完成了儿童期虐待、PTSD 症状、创伤评估、ER 困难和自我同情的自我报告测量。儿童期虐待暴露和 PTSD 症状与负面的创伤评估和 ER 困难呈正相关，与自我同情呈负相关。自我同情与负面的创伤评估和 ER 困难呈负相关。多项中介分析表明，通过几个特定途径，负面的创伤评估、ER 困难和自我同情水平完全解释了虐待暴露与 PTSD 症状之间的联系。这些发现表明，研究人员、临床医生和虐待幸存者可以从在治疗和康复过程中解决这些相互关联的领域中受益。
