Baines K J, Renaud S J
The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2017;145:39-88. doi: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.12.003. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
The placenta is a transient organ that plays a critical role in sustaining pregnancy and supporting fetal growth and nutrition. The placental epithelium is comprised of trophoblast cells. Trophoblast cells are the first cell type to differentiate during embryogenesis and ultimately diversify into a heterogeneous population of cells specializing in distinct functions essential for placentation. The emergence of the trophoblast lineage and subsequent specialization into distinct trophoblast sublineages is tightly regulated by transcription factors. This chapter will provide an overview of transcription factors that regulate trophoblast development and function. The chapter is divided into three sections. In the first section, a generalized outline of trophoblast ontogeny and a functional description of different trophoblast sublineages will be provided. In the second section, transcription factors involved in emergence of the trophoblast lineage and maintenance of trophoblast stem cells will be discussed. In the third section, transcription factors implicated in the formation and function of villous and extravillous cytotrophoblast lineages will be described.
胎盘是一个短暂存在的器官，在维持妊娠以及支持胎儿生长和营养方面发挥着关键作用。胎盘上皮由滋养层细胞组成。滋养层细胞是胚胎发育过程中最早分化的细胞类型，最终分化为异质性的细胞群体，这些细胞专门执行胎盘形成所必需的不同功能。滋养层谱系的出现以及随后向不同滋养层亚谱系的特化受到转录因子的严格调控。本章将概述调节滋养层发育和功能的转录因子。本章分为三个部分。在第一部分，将提供滋养层个体发生的总体概述以及不同滋养层亚谱系的功能描述。在第二部分，将讨论参与滋养层谱系出现和滋养层干细胞维持的转录因子。在第三部分，将描述与绒毛和绒毛外细胞滋养层谱系的形成和功能相关的转录因子。
