Soares Bruna Viana, Neves Lígia Rigôr, Ferreira Drielly Oliveira, Oliveira Marcos Sidney Brito, Chaves Francisco Célio Maia, Chagas Edsandra Campos, Gonçalves Raissa Alves, Tavares-Dias Marcos
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBIO), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brazil.
Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brazil.
Vet Parasitol. 2017 Jan 30;234:49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.12.012. Epub 2016 Dec 16.
In vivo and in vitro antiparasitic activity of the essential oil of Lippia sidoides and blood and histological alterations were assessed in Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui). Essential oil concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320mg/L were assayed in vitro against monogenoideans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Notozothecium janauachensis and Mymarothecium boegeri from fish gills. Lippia sidoides essential oil concentrations of 320 and 160mg/L were 100% effective against monogenoideans in 10min and 1h of exposure, respectively. However, the effectiveness of 100% concentrations of 80mg/L and 40mg/L occurred in 3 and 6h, respectively. In the in vivo tests, juvenile fish were submitted to 60min of baths with 10mg/L and 15min of baths with 20mg/L of the essential oil of L. sidoides. These therapeutic baths were not efficient against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and monogenoideans present in the gills of C. macropomum. In addition, 10 and 20mg/L of the essential oil of L. sidoides caused an anesthetic effect on the fish and did not influence total glucose and protein plasma levels; however, it decreased the number of total erythrocytes in fish exposed to the higher concentration of this essential oil. Severe alterations and irreversible damage were observed in the fish gills just after L. sidoides essential oil baths and after 24h of recovery. The most recurrent lesions found were hyperplasia and fusion of the lamellar epithelium, vasodilation, detachment of the gill epithelium and lamellar aneurism, epithelial breakdown with hemorrhage, congestion, edema and necrosis, proliferation of the mucous cells and chloride cells and lamellar hypertrophy. Therefore, since the essential oil of L. sidoides has in vitro antiparasitic activity and low concentrations of it have shown toxic effects, the bioactive potential of its main chemical components should be investigated, as well as more efficient forms of its administration in therapeutic baths in order to eliminate fish parasites.
对巨脂鲤（淡水白鲳）评估了南美牛至精油的体内和体外抗寄生虫活性以及血液和组织学变化。在体外，针对来自鱼鳃的单殖吸虫类的匙形锚首虫、雅瑙阿肯斯新复口吸虫和博氏拟双身虫，测定了浓度为10、20、40、80、160和320mg/L的精油。南美牛至精油浓度为320mg/L和160mg/L时，分别在暴露10分钟和1小时后对单殖吸虫类有100%的效果。然而，80mg/L和40mg/L的100%浓度分别在3小时和6小时出现效果。在体内试验中，幼鱼用10mg/L的精油浸泡60分钟，用20mg/L的精油浸泡15分钟。这些治疗性浸泡对多子小瓜虫以及淡水白鲳鳃中的单殖吸虫类无效。此外，10mg/L和20mg/L的南美牛至精油对鱼产生麻醉作用，且不影响血浆中总葡萄糖和蛋白质水平；然而，它降低了暴露于该精油较高浓度下的鱼的总红细胞数量。在南美牛至精油浸泡后及恢复24小时后，在鱼鳃中观察到严重变化和不可逆损伤。最常见的病变是板层上皮增生和融合、血管扩张、鳃上皮脱离和板层动脉瘤、上皮破裂伴出血、充血、水肿和坏死、黏液细胞和氯细胞增殖以及板层肥大。因此，由于南美牛至精油具有体外抗寄生虫活性且低浓度已显示出毒性作用，应研究其主要化学成分的生物活性潜力，以及在治疗性浸泡中更有效的给药形式，以消除鱼寄生虫。
