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衰老表型和长寿中的核 DNA 和线粒体 DNA 甲基化。

The methylation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in ageing phenotypes and longevity.

机构信息

IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Via Altura 1/8, 40139 Bologna, Italy.

Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.

出版信息

Mech Ageing Dev. 2017 Jul;165(Pt B):156-161. doi: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Jan 20.

Abstract

An increasing body of data is progressively indicating that the comprehension of the epigenetic landscape, actively integrated with the genetic elements, is crucial to delineate the molecular basis of the inter-individual complexity of ageing process. Indeed, it has emerged that DNA methylation changes occur during ageing, consisting mainly in a progressive process of genome demethylation, in a hypermethylation of gene-specific CpG dinucleotides, as well as in an inter-individual divergence of the epigenome due to stochastic events and environmental exposures throughout life, namely as epigenetic drift. Additionally, it has also come to light an implication of the mitochondrial genome in the regulation of the intracellular epigenetic landscape, as demonstrated by the being itself object of epigenetic modifications. An overview of DNA methylation changes occurring during ageing process at both nuclear and mitochondrial level will be described in this review, also taking into account the recent and promising data available on the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine.

摘要

越来越多的研究数据表明,理解与遗传因素紧密结合的表观遗传景观,对于描绘衰老过程中个体间复杂性的分子基础至关重要。事实上,人们已经发现,DNA 甲基化变化会随着年龄的增长而发生,主要表现为基因组去甲基化的渐进过程、基因特异性 CpG 二核苷酸的过度甲基化,以及由于生活中的随机事件和环境暴露导致的个体间表观基因组的差异,即表观遗传漂移。此外,线粒体基因组在调节细胞内表观遗传景观方面的作用也得到了证实,这一点可以从表观遗传修饰本身的对象中得到证明。本文将综述衰老过程中核和线粒体水平上发生的 DNA 甲基化变化,并考虑到最近关于 5-羟甲基胞嘧啶的有前途的数据。

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