Marín M A, Cadavid I C, Valdés L, Álvarez C F, Uribe S I, Vila R, Pyrcz T W
Depto de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Univ Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, CEP, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
Univ Nacional de Colombia, Sede Medellín, Grupo de Investigación en Sistemática Molecular, Medellín, Colombia.
Neotrop Entomol. 2017 Oct;46(5):514-523. doi: 10.1007/s13744-016-0481-z. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
DNA barcoding is a technique used primarily for the documentation and identification of biological diversity based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Butterflies have received particular attention in DNA barcoding studies, although varied performance may be obtained due to different scales of geographic sampling and speciation processes in various groups. The montane Andean Satyrinae constitutes a challenging study group for taxonomy. The group displays high richness, with more of 550 species, and remarkable morphological similarity among taxa, which renders their identification difficult. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of DNA barcodes in the identification of montane Andean satyrines and the effect of increased geographical scale of sampling on identification performance. Mitochondrial sequences were obtained from 104 specimens of 39 species and 16 genera, collected in a forest remnant in the northwest Andes. DNA barcoding has proved to be a useful tool for the identification of the specimens, with a well-defined gap and producing clusters with unambiguous identifications for all the morphospecies in the study area. The expansion of the geographical scale with published data increased genetic distances within species and reduced those among species, but did not generally reduce the success of specimen identification. Only in Forsterinaria rustica (Butler, 1868), a taxon with high intraspecific variation, the barcode gap was lost and low support for monophyly was obtained. Likewise, expanded sampling resulted in a substantial increase in the intraspecific distance in Morpho sulkowskyi (Kollar, 1850); Panyapedaliodes drymaea (Hewitson, 1858); Lymanopoda obsoleta (Westwood, 1851); and Lymanopoda labda Hewitson, 1861; but for these species, the barcode gap was maintained. These divergent lineages are nonetheless worth a detailed study of external and genitalic morphology variation, as well as ecological features, in order to determine the potential existence of cryptic species. Even including these cases, DNA barcoding performance in specimen identification was 100% successful based on monophyly, an unexpected result in such a taxonomically complicated group.
DNA条形码技术主要用于基于线粒体DNA序列记录和识别生物多样性。蝴蝶在DNA条形码研究中受到了特别关注，不过由于不同的地理采样规模和不同类群的物种形成过程，可能会得到不同的结果。安第斯山地眼蝶亚科是分类学上一个具有挑战性的研究类群。该类群物种丰富度高，有550多种，且类群间形态相似性显著，这使得它们的识别变得困难。在本研究中，我们评估了DNA条形码在识别安第斯山地眼蝶中的有效性，以及增加地理采样规模对识别性能的影响。从安第斯山脉西北部一片森林遗迹中采集了39个属104个标本的线粒体序列，这些标本分属于16个属。DNA条形码已被证明是识别标本的有用工具，具有明确的间隙，并且为研究区域内所有形态物种生成了具有明确识别的聚类。随着已发表数据地理范围的扩大，物种内的遗传距离增加，物种间的遗传距离减小，但总体上并没有降低标本识别的成功率。只有在锈色福斯特眼蝶（巴特勒，1868年）中，该分类单元种内变异高，条形码间隙消失，且单系性支持率低。同样，扩大采样导致苏尔科夫斯基闪蝶（科拉尔，1850年）、德氏拟斑眼蝶（休伊特森，1858年）、模糊莱眼蝶（韦斯特伍德，1851年）和拉氏莱眼蝶（休伊特森，1861年）的种内距离大幅增加；但对于这些物种，条形码间隙得以保持。尽管如此，这些不同的谱系仍值得对外部和生殖器形态变异以及生态特征进行详细研究，以确定潜在的隐存物种的存在。即使包括这些情况，基于单系性的DNA条形码在标本识别中的性能成功率仍为100%，这在这样一个分类复杂的类群中是一个意想不到的结果。
