Liu Yen-Hsiu, Chang Shih-Tsung, Chen Shu-Chen, Lim Ai-Yin, Chang Chia-Wei, See Lai-Chu
Department of Physical Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Nov;57(11):1445-1455. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06920-1. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Response time (RT) is crucial in karate athletes and can be trained. The aim of this study was to compare standing eye-hand RT and contest performance in nonelite karate athletes who underwent 6 weeks of training using either a stationary preprogrammed target dummy (experimental group) or traditional karate instruction (control group).
Forty male nonelite karate athletes (20 in each group) were recruited. Standing RT and contest performance was assessed before and after training. Attack RT (eye-hand or eye-leg) and success rate were measured in the experimental group only during training.
Age, years of karate practice, Body Mass Index, and standing RT before training did not significantly differ between groups. In the control group, standing RT was significantly improved in the dominant hand after training (25.62±24.18 ms, P=0.0003), but there was no significant improvement in standing RT of the nondominant hand and karate contest score. In the experimental group, standing RT was significantly faster after training (improvement in dominant hand: 69.84±50.85 ms, P<0.0001; improvement in nondominant hand: 68.94±59.43 ms, P<0.0001), and the karate contest score was significantly improved (P=0.0234). During the training period, mean attack RT improved from 1047.4 ms in week1 to 944.9 ms in week6 (P<0.001). However, the success rate gradually decreased from 89.3% (week 1) to 62.4% (week 6) (P<0.001).
A 6-week training using a stationary preprogrammed target dummy improved contest performance and standing RT in both the dominant and nondominant hands of nonelite karate athletes. Improvements of RT in the dominant hand were also seen in the control group.
反应时间（RT）在空手道运动员中至关重要且可以训练。本研究的目的是比较非精英空手道运动员在接受为期6周的训练后的站立眼手反应时间和比赛表现，训练方式为使用固定的预编程目标假人（实验组）或传统空手道教学（对照组）。
招募了40名男性非精英空手道运动员（每组20名）。在训练前后评估站立反应时间和比赛表现。仅在实验组训练期间测量攻击反应时间（眼手或眼腿）和成功率。
两组之间的年龄、空手道练习年限、体重指数和训练前的站立反应时间没有显著差异。在对照组中，训练后优势手的站立反应时间显著改善（25.62±24.18毫秒，P = 0.0003），但非优势手的站立反应时间和空手道比赛得分没有显著改善。在实验组中，训练后站立反应时间显著加快（优势手改善：69.84±50.85毫秒，P < 0.0001；非优势手改善：68.94±59.43毫秒，P < 0.0001），空手道比赛得分显著提高（P = 0.0234）。在训练期间，平均攻击反应时间从第1周的1047.4毫秒提高到第6周的944.9毫秒（P < 0.001）。然而，成功率从89.3%（第1周）逐渐下降到62.4%（第6周）（P < 0.001）。
使用固定的预编程目标假人进行为期6周的训练可提高非精英空手道运动员优势手和非优势手的比赛表现和站立反应时间。对照组中优势手的反应时间也有所改善。
