YouTube上危险驾驶视频的文献综述：未知影响及关注点？

Vingilis Evelyn, Yıldırım-Yenier Zümrüt, Vingilis-Jaremko Larissa, Wickens Christine, Seeley Jane, Fleiter Judy, Grushka Daniel H

a Department of Family Medicine , University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada.

b Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.

Traffic Inj Prev. 2017 Aug 18;18(6):606-615. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2016.1276575. Epub 2017 Jan 24.

OBJECTIVE

Entry of terms reflective of extreme risky driving behaviors into the YouTube website yields millions of videos. The majority of the top 20 highly subscribed automotive YouTube websites are focused on high-performance vehicles, high speed, and often risky driving. Moreover, young men are the heaviest users of online video sharing sites, overall streaming more videos, and watching them longer than any other group. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on YouTube videos and risky driving.

METHODS

A systematic search was performed using the following specialized database sources-Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar-for the years 2005-2015 for articles in the English language. Search words included "YouTube AND driving," "YouTube AND speeding," "YouTube AND racing."

RESULTS

No published research was found on the content of risky driving videos or on the effects of these videos on viewers. This literature review presents the current state of our published knowledge on the topic, which includes a review of the effects of mass media on risky driving cognitions; attitudes and behavior; similarities and differences between mass and social media; information on the YouTube platform; psychological theories that could support YouTube's potential effects on driving behavior; and 2 examples of risky driving behaviors ("sidewalk skiing" and "ghost riding the whip") suggestive of varying levels of modeling behavior in subsequent YouTube videos.

CONCLUSIONS

Every month about 1 billion individuals are reported to view YouTube videos (ebizMBA Guide 2015 ) and young men are the heaviest users, overall streaming more YouTube videos and watching them longer than women and other age groups (Nielsen 2011 ). This group is also the most dangerous group in traffic, engaging in more per capita violations and experiencing more per capita injuries and fatalities (e.g., Parker et al. 1995 ; Reason et al. 1990 ; Transport Canada 2015 ; World Health Organization 2015 ). YouTube also contains many channels depicting risky driving videos. The time has come for the traffic safety community to begin exploring these relationships.

目的

反映极端危险驾驶行为的词汇在YouTube网站上产生了数百万个视频。YouTube上订阅量最高的20个汽车类网站中，大多数都聚焦于高性能车辆、高速行驶，且常常涉及危险驾驶。此外，年轻男性是在线视频分享网站的重度用户，总体上比其他任何群体观看的视频更多、时间更长。本文的目的是回顾关于YouTube视频与危险驾驶的文献。

方法

利用以下专业数据库来源——Scopus、PubMed、科学网、教育资源信息中心和谷歌学术搜索——对2005年至2015年期间的英文文章进行系统检索。检索词包括“YouTube与驾驶”“YouTube与超速”“YouTube与赛车”。

结果

未找到关于危险驾驶视频内容或这些视频对观众影响的已发表研究。这篇文献综述呈现了我们目前关于该主题的已发表知识状态，其中包括对大众媒体对危险驾驶认知、态度和行为的影响的综述；大众媒体与社交媒体之间的异同；关于YouTube平台的信息；可能支持YouTube对驾驶行为潜在影响的心理学理论；以及两个危险驾驶行为的例子（“人行道滑雪”和“幽灵甩尾”），表明在后续YouTube视频中存在不同程度的模仿行为。

结论

据报道，每月约有10亿人观看YouTube视频（ebizMBA指南，2015年），年轻男性是重度用户，总体上比女性和其他年龄组观看更多的YouTube视频且观看时间更长（尼尔森，2011年）。该群体也是交通中最危险的群体，人均违法行为更多，人均受伤和死亡情况也更多（例如，帕克等人，1995年；里森等人，1990年；加拿大运输部，2015年；世界卫生组织，2015年）。YouTube上也有许多描绘危险驾驶视频的频道。交通安全界是时候开始探索这些关系了。