Roberts-Thomson I C
Aust N Z J Surg. 1978 Jun;48(3):247-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1978.tb05224.x.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) involves cannulation of the papilla of Vater followed by contrast radiology of the biliary and pancreatic ducts. With experience, X-ray films of the desired duct(s) can be obtained in 90% of patients, with minimal patient discomfort and a low frequency of complications. Retrograde cholangiography accurately assesses the site and cause of biliary tract obstruction. Retrograde pancreatography reveals ductal abnormalities in most patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and the nature of the abnormality usually permits differentiation of the two diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of ERCP is enhanced by cytological evaluation of pure pancreatic juice, while endoscopic sphincterotomy is a therapeutic option in selected patients with choledocholithiasis and papillary stenosis. Current developments include endoscopic aspiration biopsy of the pancreas and endoscopy of pancreatic and biliary ducts, using a miniature endoscope passed down a channel in the parent instrument.
内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）包括对十二指肠乳头进行插管，随后对胆管和胰管进行造影。凭借经验，90%的患者能够获得所需胆管的X光片，患者不适轻微，并发症发生率低。逆行胆管造影可准确评估胆道梗阻的部位和原因。逆行胰管造影可发现大多数慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌患者的导管异常，且异常的性质通常有助于区分这两种疾病。通过对纯胰液进行细胞学评估可提高ERCP的诊断准确性，而对于某些胆总管结石和乳头狭窄患者，内镜括约肌切开术是一种治疗选择。目前的进展包括使用通过母器械通道插入的微型内镜对胰腺进行内镜抽吸活检以及对胰管和胆管进行内镜检查。
