Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.
Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany.
Brain Res Bull. 2018 Jan;136:65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.01.015. Epub 2017 Jan 22.
The concept of the tripartite synapse states that bi-directional signalling between perisynaptic astrocyte processes, presynaptic axonal boutons and postsynaptic neuronal structures defines the properties of synaptic information processing. Ca-dependent vesicular release from astrocytes, as one of the mechanisms of astrocyte-neuron communication, has attracted particular attention but has also been the subject of intense debate. In neurons, regulated vesicular release is a strongly coordinated process. It requires a complex release machinery comprised of many individual components ranging from vesicular neurotransmitter transporters and soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins to Ca-sensors and the proteins that spatially and temporally control exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. If astrocytes employ similar mechanisms to release neurotransmitters is less well understood. The aim of this review is therefore to discuss recent experimental evidence that sheds light on the central structural components responsible for vesicular release from astrocytes in situ.
三突触复合体的概念表明，星型胶质细胞突起、突触前轴突末梢和突触后神经元结构之间的双向信号传递决定了突触信息处理的特性。星形胶质细胞钙依赖性囊泡释放作为星形胶质细胞-神经元通讯的机制之一，引起了特别关注，但也一直是激烈争论的主题。在神经元中，受调控的囊泡释放是一个高度协调的过程。它需要一个复杂的释放机制，由许多单个组件组成，范围从囊泡神经递质转运体和可溶性 NSF 附着蛋白受体 (SNARE) 蛋白到 Ca 传感器以及空间和时间上控制突触囊泡胞吐的蛋白质。如果星形胶质细胞采用类似的机制来释放神经递质，那么这方面的了解就较少。因此，本篇综述的目的是讨论最近的实验证据，这些证据阐明了原位星形胶质细胞中负责囊泡释放的核心结构成分。
