Lupien S J, Sasseville M, François N, Giguère C E, Boissonneault J, Plusquellec P, Godbout R, Xiong L, Potvin S, Kouassi E, Lesage A
a Centre for Studies on Human Stress , CIUSSS Est , Quebec , Canada.
b Research Centre , Montreal Mental Health University Institute, CIUSSS Est , Quebec , Canada.
Stress. 2017 Jan;20(1):95-111. doi: 10.1080/10253890.2017.1286324. Epub 2017 Feb 16.
In 2008, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) announced that in the next few decades, it will be essential to study the various biological, psychological and social "signatures" of mental disorders. Along with this new "signature" approach to mental health disorders, modifications of DSM were introduced. One major modification consisted of incorporating a dimensional approach to mental disorders, which involved analyzing, using a transnosological approach, various factors that are commonly observed across different types of mental disorders. Although this new methodology led to interesting discussions of the DSM5 working groups, it has not been incorporated in the last version of the DSM5. Consequently, the NIMH launched the "Research Domain Criteria" (RDoC) framework in order to provide new ways of classifying mental illnesses based on dimensions of observable behavioral and neurobiological measures. The NIMH emphasizes that it is important to consider the benefits of dimensional measures from the perspective of psychopathology and environmental influences, and it is also important to build these dimensions on neurobiological data. The goal of this paper is to present the perspectives of DSM5 and RDoC to the science of mental health disorders and the impact of this debate on the future of human stress research. The second goal is to present the "Signature Bank" developed by the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal (IUSMM) that has been developed in line with a dimensional and transnosological approach to mental illness.
2008年，美国国立精神卫生研究所（NIMH）宣布，在未来几十年里，研究精神障碍的各种生物学、心理学和社会“特征”至关重要。随着这种针对精神健康障碍的新“特征”方法的出现，《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）也进行了修订。其中一项主要修订是采用对精神障碍的维度化方法，即运用一种跨疾病分类学的方法，分析在不同类型精神障碍中普遍观察到的各种因素。尽管这种新方法引发了DSM5工作组的有趣讨论，但它并未被纳入DSM5的最新版本。因此，NIMH推出了“研究领域标准”（RDoC）框架，以便基于可观察的行为和神经生物学测量维度，提供对精神疾病进行分类的新方法。NIMH强调，从精神病理学和环境影响的角度考虑维度测量的益处很重要，并且基于神经生物学数据构建这些维度也很重要。本文的目的是介绍DSM5和RDoC对精神健康障碍科学的观点，以及这场争论对人类压力研究未来的影响。第二个目的是介绍由蒙特利尔大学精神卫生研究所（IUSMM）开发的“特征库”，该库是根据对精神疾病的维度化和跨疾病分类学方法开发的。
