Parker Sara S, Cox Christopher, Wilson Jean M
a Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , University of Arizona , Tucson , AZ , USA.
Small GTPases. 2018 Mar 4;9(1-2):116-129. doi: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1277840. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Cell polarity refers to the asymmetric localization of cellular components that allows cells to carry out their specialized functions, be they epithelial barrier function, transmission of action potentials in nerve cells, or modulation of the immune response. The establishment and maintenance of cell polarity requires the directed trafficking of membrane proteins and lipids - essential processes that are mediated by Rab GTPases. Interestingly, several of the Rabs that impact polarity are present in the earliest eukaryotes, and the Rab polarity repertoire has expanded as cells have become more complex. There is a substantial conservation of Rab function across diverse cell types. Rabs act through an assortment of effector proteins that include scaffolding proteins, cytoskeletal motors, and other small GTPases. In this review we highlight the similarities and differences in Rab function for the instruction of polarity in diverse cell types.
细胞极性是指细胞成分的不对称定位，这种定位使细胞能够执行其特定功能，无论是上皮屏障功能、神经细胞中动作电位的传递，还是免疫反应的调节。细胞极性的建立和维持需要膜蛋白和脂质的定向运输，这是由Rab GTP酶介导的重要过程。有趣的是，影响极性的几种Rab在最早的真核生物中就已存在，并且随着细胞变得更加复杂，Rab极性库也有所扩展。Rab功能在不同细胞类型中存在大量保守性。Rab通过多种效应蛋白发挥作用，这些效应蛋白包括支架蛋白、细胞骨架马达蛋白和其他小GTP酶。在本综述中，我们强调了Rab功能在不同细胞类型中指导极性方面的异同。
