Farghadan Maryam, Ghafoori Hosein, Vakhshiteh Faezeh, Shahzadeh Fazeli Seyed Abolhassan, Farzaneh Parvaneh, Kokhaei Parviz
Cancer Resaerch Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Department of Biology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016 Dec;15(6):515-524.
The genus Artemisia is estimated to comprise over 800 species with anti-cancer, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Artemisia fragrans (A. fragrans), a species that belongs to genus Artemisia, is rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes derivatives. Due to anti-inflammatory properties of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, we aimed to investigate the effect of A. fragrans essential oil on mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and nitric oxide (NO) production in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW264.7 cell line. NO, which is synthesized by iNOS, is the main macrophage-derived inflammatory mediator. The oil obtained from the A. fragrans was prepared from aerial parts of the plant. Chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The cytotoxicity of various concentrations of essential oil was evaluated by mitochondrial reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test assay. The effect of different doses (1.75-7 mg/mL) of A. fragrans oil on mRNA expression of iNOS gene and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was assessed by real-time PCR method and Griess reagent, respectively. In GC/MS analyses of A. fragrans oil, 32 compounds were identified. The main components of the oil were camphor and 1, 8-cineole. The results demonstrated that the essential oil of A. fragrans (1.75- 7 mg/mL), in a dose-dependent manner, inhibits mRNA expression of iNOS induced by LPS in the RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxic effect even at higher doses. The results of iNOS were consistent with the results of NO production. Our preliminary results suggest the possible anti-inflammatory effect of A. fragrans. Further studies are needed to determine the full pharmacokinetics of A. fragrans activity in vivo.
据估计，蒿属植物包含800多种，具有抗癌、抗真菌、抗氧化和抗炎特性。香叶蒿是蒿属植物的一种，富含单萜和倍半萜衍生物。由于单萜和倍半萜具有抗炎特性，我们旨在研究香叶蒿精油对脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW264.7细胞系中诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因的mRNA表达和一氧化氮（NO）产生的影响。由iNOS合成的NO是主要的巨噬细胞衍生的炎症介质。香叶蒿精油是从该植物的地上部分提取的。通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）分析精油的化学成分。通过3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐（MTT）试验测定各种浓度精油的细胞毒性。分别通过实时PCR法和格里斯试剂评估不同剂量（1.75-7mg/mL）的香叶蒿精油对LPS刺激的RAW 264.7细胞中iNOS基因的mRNA表达和NO产生的影响。在香叶蒿精油的GC/MS分析中，鉴定出32种化合物。该精油的主要成分是樟脑和1,8-桉叶素。结果表明，香叶蒿精油（1.75-7mg/mL）以剂量依赖性方式抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中iNOS的mRNA表达，即使在较高剂量下也无细胞毒性作用。iNOS的结果与NO产生的结果一致。我们的初步结果表明香叶蒿可能具有抗炎作用。需要进一步研究以确定香叶蒿在体内活性的完整药代动力学。
