de Heer Brooke A, Jones Lynn C
Violence Vict. 2017 Apr 1;32(2):210-229. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-15-00099. Epub 2017 Jan 27.
Using a nationwide sample of reported rape cases collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI; 389 victims; 89% stranger rapes), this study investigates assumptions about self-protective behaviors for rape victims. Past research on victim resistance strategies often specifies active resistance as self-protective, inadvertently underestimating the potential for biologically based reactions, such as tonic immobility, to be self-protective as well. Results confirm that rape victims who were verbally and physically immobile during the attack were less likely to be injured and have force used against them. In addition, victims who were verbally immobile suffered a less severe attack. The results indicate that immobility may protect the victim from increased injury, force, and severity of the attack. Implications for the legal and public definition of consent are discussed.
本研究使用联邦调查局（FBI）收集的全国范围内已报案强奸案样本（389名受害者；89%为陌生人强奸案），调查了关于强奸受害者自我保护行为的假设。过去对受害者抵抗策略的研究通常将积极抵抗指定为自我保护行为，却无意中低估了基于生理的反应（如紧张性不动）同样具有自我保护作用的可能性。结果证实，在袭击过程中言语和身体上保持不动的强奸受害者受伤的可能性较小，且遭受暴力侵害的可能性也较小。此外，言语上保持不动的受害者遭受的袭击较轻。结果表明，保持不动可能会保护受害者免受更多伤害、暴力以及更严重的袭击。文中还讨论了这些结果对同意的法律和公众定义的影响。
