McCarthy T
Singapore Med J. 1989 Aug;30(4):390-2.
IUDs have been used in Singapore since the mid 1960's but acceptance of this contraceptive method has fluctuated widely as a result of misconceptions regarding possible complications. The current generation of copper bearing devices have pregnancy rates below 1 per 100 women per year and this rate falls further with continued use. New developments which hold promise include a device releasing 20 mcg levonorgestrel per day and a copper device without a plastic frame which may reduce menstrual blood loss and dysmenorrhoea. In addition to the well established contra-indications to use, a past history of pelvic inflammatory disease or ectopic pregnancy, promiscuity, nulliparity and age less than 25 are now considered relative contraindications.
自20世纪60年代中期以来，宫内节育器（IUD）就在新加坡被使用，但由于对可能并发症存在误解，这种避孕方法的接受程度波动很大。当前一代含铜节育器的年妊娠率低于每100名女性1例，且随着持续使用，这一比率还会进一步下降。有前景的新进展包括每天释放20微克左炔诺孕酮的节育器以及无塑料框架的含铜节育器，后者可能会减少月经量和痛经。除了已明确的使用禁忌证外，盆腔炎或宫外孕病史、滥交、未生育以及年龄小于25岁现在被视为相对禁忌证。
