Klein Eva M, Wölfling Klaus, Beutel Manfred E, Dreier Michael, Müller Kai W
Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2017 Apr;67(3-04):152-160. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-115932. Epub 2017 Feb 1.
The proportion of adolescent migrants in Germany aged 15-20 years has risen to about 29.5% in 2014 according to Federal census statistics. The purpose of the current study was to describe and to compare the psychological strains of adolescent 1 and 2 generation migrants with non-migrants in a representative school survey. Acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms was explored and its correlation with psychological strain was analyzed. Self-reported data of psychological strain (internalizing and externalizing problems) and acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity were gathered among 8 518 pupils aged 12-19 years across different school types. Among the surveyed adolescents, 27.6% reported a migration background (5.8% 1 generation migrants; 21.8% 2 generation migrants). Particularly 1 generation migrants scored higher in internalizing and externalizing problems than 2 generation migrants or non-migrants. The differences, however, were small. Adolescents with migration background suffered from educational disadvantage, especially 1 generation migrants. Male adolescents reported significantly higher acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms than their female counterparts. Strong agreement with the measured concept of masculinity was found among pupils of lower secondary school and adolescents reported regularly tobacco and cannabis consumption. The acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms was greater among migrants, particularly 1 generation migrants, than non-migrants. Overall, high acceptance of violence legitimizing masculinity norms was related to externalizing problems, which can be understood as dysfunctional coping mechanisms of social disadvantage and a lack of prospects.
根据联邦人口普查统计数据，2014年德国15至20岁的青少年移民比例已升至约29.5%。本研究的目的是在一项具有代表性的学校调查中，描述并比较第一代和第二代青少年移民与非移民的心理压力。探讨了对使男性气质规范合法化的暴力行为的接受情况，并分析了其与心理压力的相关性。在8518名12至19岁、来自不同学校类型的学生中收集了心理压力（内化和外化问题）以及对使男性气质规范合法化的暴力行为的接受情况的自我报告数据。在接受调查的青少年中，27.6%报告有移民背景（5.8%为第一代移民；21.8%为第二代移民）。特别是第一代移民在内化和外化问题上的得分高于第二代移民或非移民。然而，差异很小。有移民背景的青少年面临教育劣势，尤其是第一代移民。男性青少年报告对使男性气质规范合法化的暴力行为的接受程度明显高于女性青少年。初中低年级学生对所测量的男性气质概念高度认同，且青少年报告经常吸烟和吸食大麻。移民，尤其是第一代移民，对使男性气质规范合法化的暴力行为的接受程度高于非移民。总体而言，对使男性气质规范合法化的暴力行为的高度接受与外化问题有关，这可以被理解为社会劣势和缺乏前景的功能失调的应对机制。
