Christopoulos D, Nicolaides A N, Cook A, Irvine A, Galloway J M, Wilkinson A
Irvine Laboratory for Cardiovascular Investigations and Research, St. Mary's Hospital, London, England.
Surgery. 1989 Nov;106(5):829-35.
Air plethysmography has been used to quantitate venous reflux by measuring the average filling rate of the veins (venous filling index; in milliliters per second) on standing from the supine position, the ejection fraction of the calf muscle pump as a result of one tip-toe movement, and the residual volume fraction after 10 tip-toe movements. Thirty normal limbs, 110 limbs with primary varicose veins, 34 limbs with reflux in the deep veins but without occlusion, and 31 limbs with deep venous occlusion, with or without reflux, have been studied. An increase in the incidence of ulceration occurred with increasing values of reflux and decreasing values of the calf muscle pump ejection fraction. A poor ejection fraction was the primary cause of venous ulceration in limbs with minimal reflux. A good ejection fraction, however, significantly reduced the incidence of ulceration in limbs with marked reflux (p less than 0.05). The residual volume fraction, which expresses the combined effect of venous reflux and ejection fraction with rhythmic exercise, showed a good correlation with the incidence of ulceration and the measurements of ambulatory venous pressure (r = 0.81). The air-plethysmographic measurements completely assess the calf muscle pump function and provide an accurate method to identify the predominant hemodynamic factor (ejection fraction, reflux, or both) responsible for the clinical picture of the patient.
空气体积描记法已被用于通过测量从仰卧位站立时静脉的平均充盈率（静脉充盈指数；毫升/秒）、一次踮脚尖动作后小腿肌肉泵的射血分数以及10次踮脚尖动作后的残余体积分数来定量静脉反流。对30条正常肢体、110条原发性静脉曲张肢体、34条深静脉有反流但无闭塞的肢体以及31条有或无反流的深静脉闭塞肢体进行了研究。随着反流值增加和小腿肌肉泵射血分数值降低，溃疡发生率增加。在反流极少的肢体中，射血分数差是静脉溃疡的主要原因。然而，良好的射血分数显著降低了反流明显的肢体中溃疡的发生率（p<0.05）。残余体积分数表示静脉反流和有节律运动时射血分数的综合作用，与溃疡发生率和动态静脉压测量值具有良好的相关性（r = 0.81）。空气体积描记测量法能全面评估小腿肌肉泵功能，并提供一种准确方法来识别导致患者临床表现的主要血流动力学因素（射血分数、反流或两者皆有）。
