Pathak Vikas, Shepherd Ray W, Shojaee Samira
Departments of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Departments of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
J Thorac Dis. 2016 Dec;8(12):3818-3825. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2016.12.75.
Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is reported in approximately 10% to 39% of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It is defined as the tubercle infection of the trachea and or bronchi. Due to its non-specific presentation, insidious onset and normal chest radiography in about 10-20% of the patients, the diagnosis is delayed. Bronchoscopy is the most definite method of diagnosis which provides adequate specimens for microbiological and histopathological diagnosis. Tracheobronchial stenosis is one of the most common long term complications of TBTB resulting in significant morbidity. It is estimated that 90% of patients with TBTB have some degree of tracheal and or bronchial stenosis. In this review article, we will discuss the pathogenesis, symptoms, imaging, bronchoscopic findings, and treatment of TBTB and management of tracheobronchial stenosis.
气管支气管结核（TBTB）在约10%至39%的肺结核患者中被报道。它被定义为气管和/或支气管的结核感染。由于其表现不具特异性、起病隐匿且约10%-20%的患者胸部X线检查正常，诊断往往会延迟。支气管镜检查是最确切的诊断方法，可为微生物学和组织病理学诊断提供充足的标本。气管支气管狭窄是TBTB最常见的长期并发症之一，会导致严重的发病率。据估计，90%的TBTB患者存在一定程度的气管和/或支气管狭窄。在这篇综述文章中，我们将讨论TBTB的发病机制、症状、影像学表现、支气管镜检查结果、治疗以及气管支气管狭窄的处理。
