McNeese Nathan J, Cooke Nancy J, Branaghan Russell, Knobloch Ashley, Taylor Amanda
Arizona State University, United States.
Arizona State University, United States.
Appl Ergon. 2017 Apr;60:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.012. Epub 2016 Nov 6.
Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) have become one of the deadliest threats to military personnel, resulting in over 50% of American combat casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan. Identification of IED emplacement is conducted by mission payload operators (MPOs). Yet, experienced MPOs are limited in number, making MPO training a critical intervention. In this article, we implement a Cognitive Engineering Based on Expert Skill methodology to better understand how experienced MPOs identify the emplacement of IEDs for the purposes of improving training. First, expert knowledge was elicited through interviews and questionnaires to identify the types of perceptual cues used and how these cues are cognitively processed. Results indicate that there are many different static and dynamic cues that interact with each other over time and space. Using data from the interviews and questionnaires, an empirically grounded framework is presented that explains the cognitive process of IED emplacement detection. Using the overall findings and the framework, IED emplacement training scenarios were developed and built into a simulation.
简易爆炸装置（IED）已成为对军事人员最致命的威胁之一，在伊拉克和阿富汗造成了超过50%的美军战斗伤亡。简易爆炸装置的放置识别由任务载荷操作员（MPO）进行。然而，经验丰富的任务载荷操作员数量有限，这使得对他们的培训成为一项关键干预措施。在本文中，我们采用基于专家技能的认知工程方法，以更好地理解经验丰富的任务载荷操作员如何识别简易爆炸装置的放置位置，从而改进培训。首先，通过访谈和问卷调查获取专家知识，以确定所使用的感知线索类型以及这些线索是如何进行认知处理的。结果表明，存在许多不同的静态和动态线索，它们在时间和空间上相互作用。利用访谈和问卷调查的数据，提出了一个基于实证的框架，该框架解释了简易爆炸装置放置检测的认知过程。利用总体研究结果和该框架，开发了简易爆炸装置放置培训场景并将其构建到一个模拟中。
