Pajević Tina, Glišić Branislav
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Gastona Gravijea 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Gastona Gravijea 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Arch Oral Biol. 2017 May;77:44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.013. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Anthropological studies have reported that tooth size decreases in the context of diet changes. Some investigations have found a reverse trend in tooth size from the prehistoric to the modern times. The aims of this study were to analyze tooth size in skeletal samples from Mesolithic-Neolithic Age, Bronze Age, and Roman to Medieval times to determine sex differences and establish a temporal trend in tooth size in the aforementioned periods.
Well-preserved permanent teeth were included in the investigation. The mesiodistal (MD) diameter of all teeth and buccolingual (BL) diameter of the molars were measured. Effects of sex and site were tested by one-way ANOVA, and the combined effect of these factors was analyzed by UNIANOVA.
Sexual dimorphism was present in the BL diameters of all molars and MD diameters of the upper first and the lower third molar. The lower canine was the most dimorphic tooth in the anterior region. The MD diameter of most teeth showed no significant difference between the groups, (sample from: Mesolithic-Neolithic Age-group 1; Bronze Age-group 2; Roman times-group 3; Medieval times-group 4), whereas the BL diameters of the upper second and the lower first molar were the largest in the first group. Multiple comparisons revealed a decrease in the BL diameter of the upper second and the lower first molar from the first to the later groups. Lower canine MD diameter exhibited an increase in the fourth group compared to the second group.
On the basis of the MD diameter, a temporal trend could not be observed for most of the teeth. The lower canine exhibited an increase in the MD diameter from the prehistoric to the Medieval times. Changes of BL diameter were more homogeneous, suggesting that the temporal trend of molar size decreased from the Mesolithic-Neolithic to Medieval times in Serbia.
人类学研究报告称，牙齿大小会随着饮食变化而减小。一些调查发现，从史前到现代，牙齿大小呈现出相反的趋势。本研究的目的是分析中石器时代至新石器时代、青铜时代以及罗马至中世纪时期骨骼样本中的牙齿大小，以确定性别差异，并确定上述时期牙齿大小的时间趋势。
保存完好的恒牙被纳入研究。测量了所有牙齿的近远中（MD）直径以及磨牙的颊舌（BL）直径。通过单因素方差分析检验性别和部位的影响，并通过协方差分析分析这些因素的综合影响。
所有磨牙的BL直径以及上颌第一磨牙和下颌第三磨牙的MD直径存在性别二态性。下颌尖牙是前部区域二态性最明显的牙齿。大多数牙齿的MD直径在各组之间（样本来自：中石器时代至新石器时代 - 第1组；青铜时代 - 第2组；罗马时代 - 第3组；中世纪 - 第4组）没有显著差异，而上颌第二磨牙和下颌第一磨牙的BL直径在第一组中最大。多重比较显示，从上颌第二磨牙和下颌第一磨牙的第一组到后几组，其BL直径减小。与第二组相比，第四组下颌尖牙的MD直径有所增加。
基于MD直径，大多数牙齿未观察到时间趋势。从史前到中世纪，下颌尖牙的MD直径有所增加。BL直径的变化更为一致，表明塞尔维亚从新石器时代到中世纪磨牙大小的时间趋势呈下降。
