Marrocco Jordan, McEwen Bruce S
Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, the Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2016 Dec;18(4):373-383. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2016.18.4/jmarrocco.
Contrary to popular belief, sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic and nongenomic receptors. Many neural and behavioral functions are affected by estrogens, including mood, cognitive function, blood pressure regulation, motor coordination, pain, and opioid sensitivity. Subtle sex differences exist for many of these functions that are developmentally programmed by hormones and by not yet precisely defined genetic factors, including the mitochondrial genome. These sex differences, and responses to sex hormones in brain regions and upon functions not previously regarded as subject to such differences, indicate that we are entering a new era in our ability to understand and appreciate the diversity of gender-related behaviors and brain functions.
与普遍看法相反，性激素通过基因组和非基因组受体在雄性和雌性的整个大脑中发挥作用。许多神经和行为功能都受到雌激素的影响，包括情绪、认知功能、血压调节、运动协调、疼痛和阿片类药物敏感性。其中许多功能存在细微的性别差异，这些差异是由激素以及尚未精确界定的遗传因素（包括线粒体基因组）在发育过程中编程形成的。这些性别差异，以及在以前不被认为存在此类差异的脑区和功能上对性激素的反应，表明我们在理解和认识与性别相关的行为和脑功能的多样性方面正进入一个新时代。
