Zorzanello M M
ANNA J. 1989 Oct;16(6):433-8.
The kidneys can withstand substantial loss of functional tissue before showing signs of insufficiency that may lead to a life on dialysis. Situations that lead to reduced renal perfusion or exposure to nephrotoxic agents in patients with chronic renal insufficiency can cause acute renal failure and quicken a downhill course to end stage renal disease if preventive measures are not employed. The nurse's role in prevention of acute deterioration of renal function in renal insufficiency includes knowledge of risk factors and nephrotoxins, awareness of fluid volume status, and an appropriate teaching plan.
在出现可能导致依赖透析维持生命的功能不全迹象之前，肾脏能够承受相当程度的功能组织损失。在慢性肾功能不全患者中，导致肾灌注减少或接触肾毒性药物的情况可引发急性肾衰竭，并且如果不采取预防措施，会加速病情恶化至终末期肾病。护士在预防肾功能不全患者肾功能急性恶化方面的作用包括了解危险因素和肾毒素、知晓液体容量状态以及制定合适的教育计划。
