J Comp Psychol. 2017 Feb;131(1):49. doi: 10.1037/com0000056.
Reports an error in "Wolves () and dogs () differ in following human gaze into distant space but respond similar to their packmates' gaze" by Geraldine Werhahn, Zsófia Virányi, Gabriela Barrera, Andrea Sommese and Friederike Range (, 2016[Aug], Vol 130[3], 288-298). In the article, the affiliations for the second and fifth authors should be Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria, and Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna/ Medical University of Vienna/University of Vienna. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2016-26311-001.) Gaze following into distant space is defined as visual co-orientation with another individual's head direction allowing the gaze follower to gain information on its environment. Human and nonhuman animals share this basic gaze following behavior, suggested to rely on a simple reflexive mechanism and believed to be an important prerequisite for complex forms of social cognition. Pet dogs differ from other species in that they follow only communicative human gaze clearly addressed to them. However, in an earlier experiment we showed that wolves follow human gaze into distant space. Here we set out to investigate whether domestication has affected gaze following in dogs by comparing pack-living dogs and wolves raised and kept under the same conditions. In Study 1 we found that in contrast to the wolves, these dogs did not follow minimally communicative human gaze into distant space in the same test paradigm. In the observational Study 2 we found that pack-living dogs and wolves, similarly vigilant to environmental stimuli, follow the spontaneous gaze of their conspecifics similarly often. Our findings suggest that domestication did not affect the gaze following ability of dogs itself. The results raise hypotheses about which other dog skills might have been altered through domestication that may have influenced their performance in Study 1. Because following human gaze in dogs might be influenced by special evolutionary as well as developmental adaptations to interactions with humans, we suggest that comparing dogs to other animal species might be more informative when done in intraspecific social contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record
报告杰拉尔丁·韦尔哈恩、佐菲亚·维拉尼、加布里埃拉·巴雷拉、安德里亚·索梅塞和弗里德里克·兰格所著的《狼（ ）和狗（ ）在跟随人类注视远方空间方面存在差异，但对同伴注视的反应相似》（《 》，2016年8月，第130卷第3期，第288 - 298页）中的一处错误。在该文章中，第二和第五作者的单位信息应为奥地利恩斯特布伦的狼科学中心以及维也纳兽医大学/维也纳医科大学/维也纳大学梅西利研究所的比较认知研究室。本文的网络版本已作修正。（以下是原始文章的摘要，记录于2016 - 26311 - 001。）跟随注视远方空间被定义为与另一个体头部方向的视觉共同定向，使注视跟随者能够获取其周围环境的信息。人类和非人类动物都具备这种基本的注视跟随行为，这种行为被认为依赖于一种简单的反射机制，并且被视作复杂形式社会认知的重要前提。宠物狗与其他物种的不同之处在于，它们只跟随明确指向它们的具有交流意图的人类注视。然而，在早期的一项实验中，我们发现狼会跟随人类注视看向远方空间。在此，我们通过比较在相同条件下饲养的群居狗和狼，着手研究驯化是否影响了狗的注视跟随能力。在研究1中，我们发现与狼不同，在相同的测试范式下，这些狗不会跟随最低限度具有交流意图的人类注视看向远方空间。在观察性研究2中，我们发现群居狗和狼对环境刺激同样警觉，它们跟随同种个体自发注视的频率相似。我们的研究结果表明，驯化本身并未影响狗的注视跟随能力。这些结果引发了一些假设，即驯化可能还改变了狗的哪些其他技能，而这些技能可能影响了它们在研究1中的表现。由于狗跟随人类注视的行为可能受到与人类互动的特殊进化及发育适应的影响，我们建议在种内社会背景下将狗与其他动物物种进行比较可能会更具启发性。（PsycINFO数据库记录
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