Topál József, Gergely György, Erdohegyi Agnes, Csibra Gergely, Miklósi Adám
Research Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1132 Budapest, Hungary.
Science. 2009 Sep 4;325(5945):1269-72. doi: 10.1126/science.1176960.
Ten-month-old infants persistently search for a hidden object at its initial hiding place even after observing it being hidden at another location. Recent evidence suggests that communicative cues from the experimenter contribute to the emergence of this perseverative search error. We replicated these results with dogs (Canis familiaris), who also commit more search errors in ostensive-communicative (in 75% of the total trials) than in noncommunicative (39%) or nonsocial (17%) hiding contexts. However, comparative investigations suggest that communicative signals serve different functions for dogs and infants, whereas human-reared wolves (Canis lupus) do not show doglike context-dependent differences of search errors. We propose that shared sensitivity to human communicative signals stems from convergent social evolution of the Homo and the Canis genera.
10个月大的婴儿即使看到一个隐藏物体被藏在了另一个地方，仍会持续在其最初的隐藏地点寻找该物体。最近的证据表明，来自实验者的交流线索导致了这种持续性搜索错误的出现。我们用狗（家犬）重复了这些结果，在明示交流情境下（占总试验次数的75%），狗出现的搜索错误也比在非交流情境（39%）或非社交情境（17%）下更多。然而，比较研究表明，交流信号对狗和婴儿具有不同的功能，而由人类饲养的狼（灰狼）并未表现出类似狗的与情境相关的搜索错误差异。我们认为，对人类交流信号的共同敏感性源于人类和犬属的趋同社会进化。
