Larsson C, Rönnberg J, Forssell A, Nilsson L G, Lindberg M, Angquist K A
Department of Psychology, University of Umeå, Sweden.
Br J Neurosurg. 1989;3(5):549-60. doi: 10.3109/02688698909002846.
A total of 219 patients who had suffered from subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) were given a set of memory tests. The tests comprised immediate free recall (indexing long-term memory, LTM, and short-term memory, STM), final free recall (LTM) and final cued recall (LTM) of words as well as a digit-span test (an index of working memory, WM). STM was highly sensitive to brain damage caused by SAH whereas WM was not. Localisation of the ruptured aneurysm, angiographic vasospasm or mass effect did not have any selective influence on the SAH group's STM or WM. The final free recall test was the most sensitive measure of LTM whereas the LTM part of the immediate free recall test was the least sensitive. LTM impairment was most pronounced for patients with ruptured left anterior communicating artery aneurysms or for patients with angiographic vasospasm or mass effect. It is suggested that, in the SAH patients, a passive phonological short-term store is impaired, but the active maintenance rehearsal mechanism is intact. For patients with LTM dysfunction, deeper, more elaborate, active processing is disrupted, hindering efficient long-term storage.
共有219名蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）患者接受了一系列记忆测试。这些测试包括单词的即时自由回忆（用于评估长期记忆，LTM，和短期记忆，STM）、最终自由回忆（LTM）和最终线索回忆（LTM），以及数字广度测试（工作记忆，WM的指标）。STM对SAH引起的脑损伤高度敏感，而WM则不然。破裂动脉瘤的位置、血管造影显示的血管痉挛或占位效应，对SAH组的STM或WM没有任何选择性影响。最终自由回忆测试是LTM最敏感的测量方法，而即时自由回忆测试中的LTM部分最不敏感。LTM损害在左前交通动脉瘤破裂的患者或有血管造影显示血管痉挛或占位效应的患者中最为明显。研究表明，在SAH患者中，被动语音短期存储受损，但主动维持复述机制完好。对于LTM功能障碍的患者，更深层次、更精细、主动的加工过程受到干扰，阻碍了有效的长期存储。
