Stopka Thomas J, Donahue Ashley, Hutcheson Marguerite, Green Traci C
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2017 Mar-Apr;57(2S):S34-S44. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2016.12.077. Epub 2017 Feb 8.
To determine the prevalence of nonprescription naloxone and sterile syringe sales, factors associated with nonprescription sales, geospatial access to nonprescription naloxone and syringe-selling pharmacies, and targets for potential interventions.
Cross-sectional study.
Massachusetts has experienced steep increases in reported opioid overdoses and hepatitis C virus cases in the past decade. Pharmacists have the potential to play a substantial role in increasing access to nonprescription naloxone and sterile syringes, which can reverse opioid overdoses and decrease hepatitis C virus transmission, respectively. We completed brief telephone surveys with 809 of 1042 retail pharmacies across Massachusetts (response rate = 77.6%) during 2015 to assess experience with nonprescription sales of naloxone and sterile syringes.
Our primary outcomes were the stocking and selling of naloxone in the pharmacy (yes or no) for nonprescription sales and nonprescription syringe sales (yes or no). We conducted multivariable regression analyses and created maps using a geographic information system to identify factors associated with nonprescription sales of naloxone and sterile syringes, and to improve our understanding of geospatial access to pharmacy-based naloxone and syringe sales.
More than 97% of pharmacies reported selling sterile syringes without requiring a prescription, and 45% of pharmacies reported stocking and selling naloxone. Factors associated with nonprescription sales included hours of operation, experience with and interest in harm reduction activities, and presence in an opioid overdose hotspot. Geographic access to nonprescription sale of sterile syringes is widespread, whereas geospatial access to naloxone is limited. Training to understand the benefits, applications, and distribution needs of naloxone is of interest to surveyed pharmacists.
Access to sterile syringes through nonprescription sales is strong across Massachusetts, and although more than 350 pharmacies (45%) reported stocking and selling naloxone to prevent opioid overdose deaths, there is much room for improvement in access and training among pharmacy staff members.
确定非处方纳洛酮和无菌注射器的销售情况、与非处方销售相关的因素、获取非处方纳洛酮和销售注射器药房的地理空间途径以及潜在干预目标。
横断面研究。
在过去十年中，马萨诸塞州报告的阿片类药物过量使用和丙型肝炎病毒病例急剧增加。药剂师在增加非处方纳洛酮和无菌注射器的可及性方面可能发挥重要作用，这两种药物分别可逆转阿片类药物过量使用和减少丙型肝炎病毒传播。2015年期间，我们对马萨诸塞州1042家零售药店中的809家进行了简短电话调查（回复率 = 77.6%），以评估非处方销售纳洛酮和无菌注射器的情况。
我们的主要观察指标是药店中用于非处方销售的纳洛酮的备货和销售情况（是或否）以及非处方注射器销售情况（是或否）。我们进行了多变量回归分析，并使用地理信息系统创建地图，以确定与非处方销售纳洛酮和无菌注射器相关的因素，并增进我们对基于药房的纳洛酮和注射器销售的地理空间可及性的理解。
超过97%的药店报告无需处方即可销售无菌注射器，45%的药店报告有纳洛酮的备货和销售。与非处方销售相关的因素包括营业时间、减少伤害活动的经验和兴趣以及位于阿片类药物过量使用热点地区。无菌注射器非处方销售的地理可及性广泛，而纳洛酮的地理空间可及性有限。接受调查的药剂师对了解纳洛酮的益处、应用和分发需求的培训感兴趣。
在马萨诸塞州，通过非处方销售获取无菌注射器的情况良好，尽管超过350家药店（45%）报告有纳洛酮的备货和销售以预防阿片类药物过量死亡，但药店工作人员在获取和培训方面仍有很大改进空间。
